Congratulatory Speech In Hindi

"L" Anniversary Brotherhood of Juárez Ejido. Municipality of Armeria, Colima

Remarks by Miguel Chavez Miguel
Brotherhood of Juárez, Col. December 10, 2010.

Honourable presidium members of special guests

Distinguished Members of the farming community Ladies and gentlemen

Friends All

Proud of our past, convinced of the generosity of our vocation agrarian and confidence in the future of this fertile agricultural area where we learned from our elders to fight for better welfare arenas, here and now, on the fiftieth anniversary of the creation of the Brotherhood of Juárez Ejido, with respect fulfilled , are my words, a badge of honor, for workers in the groove and plow, men and women who, with no farming implements their machetes and hoes, with effort and perseverance, we were given land and freedom.

Thereupon to express my gratitude for the use of voice, let me share a brief overview of our immediate past, which I dedicate to the tenacity and dedication of the new generations of young farmers Brotherhood of Juárez and the City Armory. My friends

.

During the English conquest, here flourished and soon succumbed Tequepa pre-Hispanic communities, and Xicot Coatán that at the beginning of the colony, were part of the province of Tepetitango. In these cultures, only preserved the rich offerings of pottery taken from its soil, the archaeologists periods classified as "Armory" (850 - 1250) and complex "Periquillo" (1250 - 1521), relating to the first, with the culture " Toltec "and the second, with" Mexico. "

accomplished the English occupation, the banks of the river then Nahualapa, crops, possessions and dominions, on behalf of the king, were granted in encomienda to the conquerors Juan de Iniestra (Tequepa), Alfonso Martín Trejo (Coates) and Diego Garrido (Xicot). During the eighteenth century, land that later would form the large estate known as Paso del Rio or Periquillo belonged to Don Jose Borrego.

acquired in 1778 the Conde de Regla Don Pedro Romero de Terreros and inherited his death, the Marquesa de Herrera, Doña María Romero de Terreros. 7 houses thatched with the same number of families, a corral and barn Periquillo made up the ranch that served as nuclear center of the domain. The vast land, at that time, according to the will of Don José Borrego, were considered unhealthy and were due to the small population and low productivity.

Between 1831 and 1838, the manor was split in favor of the main tenants, who bought some extensions. Thus, Jose Francisco Campos Cosio acquired pastures of San Bartolo and Santa Rosa, Santa Inés Tomás Quiroz bought the property and Martín Alonso. The Plains of San Bartolo and became the property Texcaltitán Anastasia Ahumada. Subsequently, by the first sale recorded August 1862 Inclán Petronilo retrieves all properties sold in the past, encourages the production of coconut palms and extensive livestock production.

In 1865, Don Ignacio Lagos and Juan Fermín Huarte, bought the vast domains Periquillo or Paso del Rio. Both owners, new investments for the production of sugar, coffee, rice, coconut palm, as well as the exploitation of livestock. To this end, they built new homes, warehouses, a new barn and corral with a road linking the property with Armory. Farm workers, including laborers, laborers and cowboys increased to 70 people.

including plantations, farms, facilities and to the workers, as set forth in writing, in 1870, General Ángel Martínez acquires the property. With a new vision, they built roads leading to the various ranches, expanded the main house with a company store, administrative offices and a courtyard for operations. Started new investments in irrigation works, were incorporated into pastures and uncultivated lands were extended crop land devoted to coconut palm, sugar cane, snuff, corn, beans and rice.

Thus, the all-powerful General Angel Diaz Martinez, master, master of Paso del Rio, became successful Senator and actor par excellence of the agricultural development of the hacienda. His wealth was only comparable with that of Governor Francisco Santa Cruz Escobar, landowner Cuyutlán Finance.

In the early twentieth century, General Martínez, by Jorge M. Emrick, offered to sell the property to Dr. Albert J. Ochsner, a wealthy merchant and financial lives in the city of Chicago. To this end, it was the "Industrial Company of Paso del Rio, whose creation protocol was legalized in June 1902. Faced with the unexpected death of General Martinez, until April 18, 1908, concluded the reception of the Scriptures and full possession of 30.401 hectares of the domain incorporated in fractions, including the Camichines, Coates, Cualatilla, Foundry, Texcaltitlán, the Tecuan, the palm, Mangal, the Cañita, San Bartolo, Martín Alonso, the scale, the Casco, Santa Rosa and Santa Inés Periquillo.

For administration and operation, since 1902, were recruited by Dr. Ochsner, Gherzi Stephano Italian immigrants, Antonioti Santiago, Reynaldo Gualino, Octavio Machette, Albino coppy and Eugenio Bellido. In this vein, coppy, was named Butler; Gualino, head of cattle, Machette, sometimes served as general foreman and Gherzi since then figured as administrator of the estate. For its part, Anastasio Ochoa, Andrés González, Eugenio Spirit and Romualdo Aguilar, exercised the role of intermediaries between the Italians and workers.

With new plantings and innovative forms of agribusiness organization, plus the support he received from the U.S. embassy as well as good relations with federal, state and municipal levels, with a scheme of social partnership, with the letterhead of a company commercial in a few years, Don Stephano Gherzi, transformed the estate into one of the most prosperous and productive in the west of the republic.

1909, had palms 7.000 coconut production and 4 000 Zebu cattle of excellent quality, making the property through the port of Manzanillo, in the first, in the state, such as coco oil exports, better known by the name "kayak." In 1912, having reached the goal of planting, only in that year, ten thousand new coconut palms, a stimulus to its high productivity and substantial benefits to the economy of Colima, Governor J. Trinidad Alamillo, granted Mr. Gherzi an award for the amount of ten thousand dollars.

During the Revolution, Colima, it was the scene of major clashes between the revolutionary groups, most however, triumphs and defeats, of one or other group registered in other states, here, only in politics, had an impact that shook the population, particularly for sudden changes of several state governors, to be exact, were 19, only from 1910 to 1920.

Instead, farmers, ranchers and farmers, backed by their economic power, quickly adapted to new scenarios characterized by intimidation, the cam, and sporadic acts of banditry fueled by Villa's bandits who called themselves or Huerta. Therefore, in exchange for financial support, farmers received protection of fragile-affiliated governors Diaz, Madero, Huerta and constitutionalists.

instability of the time, in no way affected the productivity of the Hacienda Paso del Rio. Example, in 1916, in the throes of constitutionalism, workers amounted to 450 people. Periquillo, its main population center was located near the residence of Mr. Gherzi. In addition, there were a grocery store best known as the "company store" nixtamal mill, dairy, a small slaughter of cattle and pigs, there was a rural school and every head of household had a housing palms and reeds. The stewards and foremen, inside the big house, had their homes with surface water and tile roofs.

Among the most trusted workers stressed Hipolito Mendez, Rosendo Castillo, Basilio Palafox, Antonio Tene, Francisco Medina, Juan Merino, Eugenio Rojas, Cleophas Garcia, Ruperto Sanchez, Alfonso Mendez, Miguel Bustos and Macedonian Mejía.

To evade land distribution, between 1922 and 1923, with economic resources Paso del Rio, built a stone bridge over the River Armory, that united the Tecomán way to Manzanillo. In 1927 he built a beautiful building for primary school Periquillo that they named him Dr. Albert J. Ochsner and in 1934 donated 400 acres to the legal estate Tecomán and gave 500 acres of the property for the establishment of an Agricultural Elementary School for children of farmers.

This campus, where he graduated two generations of rural teachers, while the school building was built next to the "Station Tecomán" tentatively began operations on November 16, 1935 in a warehouse that was located the "flag station" known "La Scale". Incidentally, this internship is the history of what was the School of Agriculture at the University of Colima and the current Atequiza Normal School, Jalisco. After the motion

Christer, and the proliferation of groups seeking land in the estate of Paso del Rio, simulated reflected a climate of peace, but there were differences and hostilities that could not hide, because, every day, it intensified complaints of their workers , laborers, wage and salary earners, who, with no apparent conflicts with Mr. Gherzi, were unhappy with the authoritarian and ill-treatment they received from the overseers. Their discontent was focused on the harmful wages, excessive working hours, their low wages and rising indebtedness to the company store.

Between 1930 and 1940, at the height of agrarianism, by presidential order he were segregated to Hacienda Paso del Rio Terrero acres of suburbs to form the Independence and Periquillo. Gherzi complaints were immediate, but could not stop the final allocations.

In this new context, Stephano Gherzi, convinced the heirs of Dr. Dr. Albert J. Ochsner, to formalize a "plot of land Occidental Paso del Rio and Periquillo" Thus, by alleged sales to individuals, showed that the property was dismembered, but all were prestanombres. With this device, as well as consolidated as the "sole lord and master" of property, managed to convince the authorities to the the early 1940, granted Mexican citizenship and to issue certificates of inalienability agricultural. According

notarial, the alleged owners of the lands of the hacienda were Benito Rodriguez, Manuel Aguayo, Luis Javier Cruz, Jesús López Galindo, Donaciano Cruz, Alberto Orendain, Leobardo Lopez Castillo, Amparo Cruz, Joseph Mendez Ochoa, Celia Lopez de Castillo, Beatriz Cruz, the same Stephano Gherzi, Emiliano Orozco, Carlos Orozco, Mercedes Espinosa, Martha Emilia Gherzi, Ramiro Ramírez Tan, Angel Medina, Carlos García Méndez, Andrea Cruz, Amalia Rincon, Bartolo Alcaraz and Leoncio Medina Ortega.

In contrast to the new fallacies landowners, land seekers groups hardened their strategies, they confirmed the polarization of interests in land. In fact, since 1940, began a phased stage illegal invasion on the grounds, inter alia, of Periquillo, the Cañita, kitchenette and Texcaltitán. All of them were attacked and evicted. Even the White Guards in the service of landlord they destroyed their crops and burning the huts of the invaders. People who worked on the farm were fired from your job source.

parallel, following the legal channels, in the 1950's, joined the following land groups of applicants:

1. "Adolfo Ruiz Cortínez" represented by Salvador Bravo Chavez, Agapito Cortés Macías, Conrado Cortes Macías, Manuel R. Messina and Primitive Muraña Valencia.

2. "Dr. Miguel Galindo," Manuel Messina Muraña led by José María Alcaraz and Francisco Flores Alcalá.

3. "Brotherhood of Juarez", led by Gregorio Sánchez Figueroa, Jesus Silva Ortega and José García Díaz.

4. "Venustiano Carranza", directed by Guadalupe Ramírez Morán, Guadalupe Padilla Gutierrez and Ramon Lomeli Chavez.

5. "Major General Emiliano Zapata ", led by Pedro Rivera Camarena, Miguel Hernandez and Pedro Parra Leal Pilgrim.

6." Professor Gregorio Torres Quintero ", coordinated by Eliseo Barajas Rivera, Isabel and Basil Venegas Gonzalez Murillo, and

7." General Lázaro Cárdenas del Río ", represented by Onofre Ramos Ceballos, Erasmo Mercado and Doroteo Hernández García González;

Given the constant mobilization of the peasants were gradually permeating the consciousness of society Colima and the local political elite, during the administration of Architect Engineer Rodolfo Chavez Carrillo, was raised in the local and national media, the published various manifestos of support for the cause agrarian.

Thus, during the presidential campaign of Mr. Adolfo Lopez Mateos, 10 March 1958, at a rally verified at the port of Manzanillo, the then Federal Deputy Roberto Pizano Saucedo, from the podium, raised his voice against the existence of large estates, Paso del Rio and demanded a thorough investigation. In this spirited indictment, joined with all their might, also a federal deputy and at that time Colonel candidate Senator Salazar Antonio Salazar.

With this background, on 27 March of that year began the relevant records, which was published in the Official Gazette of Gazette on 6 June and in the Official Gazette of the State Government, dated August 16, 1958.

Once the investigation that revealed that Paso del Rio had 18, 502 hectares, at President Adolfo Lopez Mateos, December 6, 1960 was published the decree that established the cancellation of concessions that inalienability enjoyed the "Occidental plot of land in Paso del Rio, nullifying the effect, the existence of the apocryphal corporation and the titles of the alleged owners.

The next day, December 7, 1960, was published in the Official Journal of the Federation, the presidential order that took shape by creating a "Confraternity of Juárez Ejido and its annexes." On 10 December of the same, demanding the immediate delivery, a large group of beneficiaries with the presidential order takes possession of the premises known as the "El Molino".

In May 1961 began the delivery of land, this process concluded on March 4, 1962, when it was established the "Company Credit Local Collective Ejido, Ejido Agriculture and Livestock of the Brotherhood of Juarez Annexes, with the following officials: President, Práxedis Durán Hernández, Registrar, Octavio Robles Sierra, Treasurer, Gregorio Lopez Valdovinos and Chairman of the Supervisory Board José Rodríguez Rosas.

On presidential instructions, the Manager of Rural Bank C. Salvador Díaz Muñoz, commissioned Mr. Carlos Recordon Ojeda to develop the proposed development of the new population center Brotherhood of Juárez. In the same year, President Adolfo Lopez Mateos showed up in this place to personally deliver the titles of the lots and symbolically the allocation units.

With this, it began a period of legal discord between ejidatarios and authorities. The disagreements were generated by the differences between skilled 2.051 watched the presidential order and provisioning 1.724 units initially recognized. This conflict came to the Supreme Court's Office and led to new surveys, new debugging and the creation of the ejido credit societies numbers fifteen and sixteen.

Since its foundation, coordinated the efforts of the agricultural community, in chronological order, have been ejido: Práxedis Durán Hernández, José Rodríguez Rosas, J. Refugio Mendoza Farias, Jose Negrete Sanchez, Fidel Rodriguez Trejo, Antonio Barajas Martinez J. Jesus Arreola George, Luis López Rodríguez, Celedonio Alvarez Torres, J. Jesus Maldonado Rebolledo, Alfredo Magaña, Antonio Sánchez West, Munguia Felipe Rivera, Rafael Ruelas and current García, Pedro López Fuentes. For all our public recognition and abiding gratitude.

Cualatilla Among the fellow who also championed the cause, I remember with affection to my dear friends Sabalza and José Ramiro Carrillo. Friends

all.

Brotherhood of Juarez has a history. The land distribution was not easy. His memories, perhaps the distance, now, for some, pretentious attitudes can articulate, petulant or arrogant, but in the collective consciousness of our ancestors, still present the years of deprivation, misunderstanding and repression. No regrets, Let us not forget!, The struggle for land and better stadiums welfare was not easy, then so, in homage to our ancestors, to new generations corresponds with greater tenacity, make the land produce and add value to farm products.

Today, there are other times and other problems, but also other circumstances and other solutions. With new forms of organization, innovative technologies and efficient marketing strategies, I am convinced that Brotherhood of Juarez will succeed.

Forward, my friends. Brotherhood of Juarez is yours and your sons. Congratulations and congratulations.

for your attention. Thank you very much.

chavezmichel@hotmail.com

Working Chewbacca Mask

the "strings" of the Revolution as it passes through Armory

Chapter One of "Chronicles of the Revolution in Colima." Edition of the Ministry of Culture of the State Government. Collaborative work of the ten official chronicler of the Municipalities of the State of Colima. Is in press and will be presented in the second half of November 2010. Miguel Chavez Michel



One of the meanings that the dictionary of the Royal Academy of English Language gives the word "string" is: "all prisoners tied together." Since ancient times, was a humiliating practice for the transport of slaves or prisoners. Little did then, the statements of human rights, and further, the current human rights. Were times in which the procedures for submission to the established order - or rather to power, had to do with violence, toughness, energy and, of course, to torture in its various applications.

It is no stranger to using "strings" were carried to the prison's most dangerous prisoners or those who, for political reasons signified the imminence of political displacement. The danger of a detainee had to do only with physical violence, considered the most common characteristic of the worst criminals. The recklessness of a prisoner could also be measured because of their popularity and their followers. So the Inquisition sought in ancient times more cruel torture as an instrument of confession infallible. And the inquisitors - almost always wearing clerical garb, "ordered the submission of the accused no less than in long" strings "to put before him and judge the severity of those who fear the growth of" weeds "social. But "rope" was a means to an end. And now we have to refer to it in that vein.

Indeed, during the colonial period, arguing for control, to the extent possible banditry and what they considered a pest of highway robbers in 1719, created the "Agreed Court," which worked until 1813, where, "In addition to beatings, forced labor, imprisonment and death, the most dangerous were sentenced to death by hanging or by ropes, the prisoners were sent to Cuba, Florida and the Philippines."

In independent Mexico, by Act of April 2, 1835, to prevent the escape of prisoners, is regulated the conduct of "string of inmates to prison for." In addition, during the rule of General Porfirio Díaz Mori, June 10, 1898 amended Article 5 of the 1857 Constitution, which "were added restrictions on the freedom of labor, establishing the possibility of compulsory and penalties imposed by the court. So popular were the strings of prisoners to the Yucatan henequen zone or through gangs, forced labor on roads and highways "

in painful" strings "commanded the dictator Porfirio Díaz Mori moved from Sonora and Sinaloa to Yaqui Indians sought to free themselves from exploitative rebel estates roughly. Diaz's response was immediate. Deported in "strings" inhumane and bloody, were taken to the Yucatan to work in the henequen fields where they were decimated mercilessly and as an "example" for future rebels. Therefore: "The deportation of men, women and children without exception Yaqui was the central and southern Mexico, was adopted as policy in 1902-1903. Between 1903 and 1907, Governor Rafael Izabal reported that he had personally reported about two thousand Yaquis. " Then, it is not surprising, that among the most warlike and bloodthirsty troops the revolutionary ranks, were the Yaqui Indians, who joined the armed movement with a desire to take revenge on their tormentors.

In this same side, became famous book Barbarous Mexico ", by American journalist John Kenneth Turner, a reporter for" The American Magazine, which released the horrors of exploitation - slavery, he called it-of thousands of Mayan Indians and Yaquis, as well as Koreans, who captured the "strings" and subjected to inhumane working, were cruelly used in producing haciendas that owned the powerful few southern planters. Turner revealed the world in his book the real Mexico Don Porfirio. Most of these Indians worked on account of "debts" unaffordable and many of them had been brought to the henequen fields as punishment for petty crimes but magnified by the chiefs of the region. Among those powerful Yucatan Mexican slave was counted no less than Don Olegario Molina, who was even governor at the time of Don Porfirio. The vast majority of these poor men had as a form of "recruitment" vile "rope" when prisoners arrived.

Against this national context, we must mention the exception of Colima, where the "strings" at the local level were not very widely used. But remember the obvious fact that being as it is our territory, thanks to the railways, necessary step toward the center of the country or outside it, was the scene of events necessarily so embarrassing and humiliating as the "strings of prisoners" in times of Revolution and even in periods closest.

The train was serving in our state since 1889 with a narrow road that was traveled by the convoy between Manzanillo and Colima. And its class railway was expanded with the opening in December 1908, the wide road that linked to Colima to Guadalajara. By 1908, the railway from the capital the country, ending in the town of Tuxpan, Jalisco. Don Porfirio Díaz send build the remaining part and definitely communicate with the progress Colima inaugurating the new route with a solemn visit involving holidays.

So the train was long, the best means of communication available to us. And that made him also the focus of agriculture, commerce, society and local politics. Suffice it to say that the train had brought news or to or from the center of the country. And it was the natural means of transport they used the "top" and "lower", if we paraphrase the novelist Mariano Azuela.

The broad gauge railway, irrefutable piece of Don Porfirio Diaz, was a lever of regional development. For the construction of the new road, perhaps influenced the mood of the old dictator, Colima he met in 1872, when he was undercover in our state to promote the Plan de la Noria. In those early days, the old leader was still young and had to negotiate the arduous journey from the port of Manzanillo and the state capital in a painful and tiring trip. Again until December 1908 but now become the chief magistrate of the nation and aboard the presidential train modern luxury.

Our state is well connected in the time of the Revolution and as a small territorial entity, we should not easily dismiss the facts that arose, without reaching the extremes of other regions, generate unrest and discontent among the less affluent. Therefore, in this situation, sure, above, that the "strings of prisoners" were not as common as in other regions, possibly because of the deep local regionalism and incontrovertible fact that in Colima was the idea that proverbial All "we are one big family."

However we can not forget the hard claims in this context merited master Colima wrote: Don Manuel Velázquez Andrade, who he describes precisely the "strings" in the following categories:

"... the despotism and arbitrary law was silent, fear and adulation of employees and friends were given 'right and power" to the highest authorities, which made up the governor, the political prefect and the commander of the police.

individual guarantees were a dead letter. The authorities of federal, as the district judge before to protect a complainant, the case consulted with the governor, and if they did not lose their support and friendship, if the governor agreed came the arrest, otherwise denial to the defense, there were no permanent military forces. Periodically, contingent of 20 and 24 battalions, with their parent in Guadalajara, Colima came to protecting any conduct (remittance) or weapons that the Federal Government sent to the states of Sinaloa, Sonora and Baja California, through the port of Manzanillo. Upon returning the troops of carrying out its commitment to its headquarters in Guadalajara, led unexpectedly to a cam or the sending of 'strings' made up of agricultural laborers or farmers accused by local chiefs to be unsavory social elements, undesirable in locality. The "rope" the men were tied to the elbows in the back way and a string of garlic. It was conducted between two rows soldiers who had the same source .... " I can understand

the angry tone of those who, like Velazquez's teacher, lived and suffered the sad spectacle of the "levies" and "strings." And the record, that he, you had to witness these social ills in the middle of the nineteenth century, when such mechanisms were commonplace.
on this topic, Don Ricardo B. Nunez tells us:

".... The cams were in the market place and in the streets - receiving prisoners from the prison itself, or was surprised people in the street after leaving a public spectacle, as they were theatrical performances or the arena of roosters. The policy of the cams and the "strings" era la política ´moralizadora´ y de ´regeneración social´ de un régimen de gobierno sin freno ni responsabilidad ante la ley…”.

A mayor abundamiento, El mismísimo General Ángel Martínez, quien a partir de 1870 se convirtió en el dueño, amo y señor de la “Hacienda de Paso del Río”, cuando iniciaba su carrera militar de triunfos y de gloria, en más de una ocasión, para reponer las bajas habidas en combate, arengaba a sus soldados a “recoger leva”, según su decir,

“…para luchar por la patria. Debe advertirse que eso de ´recoger leva´, era uno de los procedimientos de la época para form the army, which does not mean that all the soldiers were forced, but it is resorted to in dire circumstances like the present ... "And

common thing was, moreover, that all travelers to and from Manzanillo he was bound to step on the lands of the ranch then Armory, located on the banks of the river of the same name and is now the youngest head of the municipalities, but, at that time part of the jurisdiction of Manzanillo.

In the early twentieth century, Armory, with a little more than four people was a rural town that lacked the most basic services, In:

"... 120 homes classified as huts or shacks in the 1900 Census, there were, of a room, where they ate, slept and lived dependent on farm workers and were located, most, about large house, whose back was a large corral and barn, and where they are also warehouses and processing of production from the property. A nearby road joined with Cuyutlán Armory, Tecomán and Manzanillo, like the railroad since 1908 worked on a regular basis between Manzanillo, Colima and Guadalajara ... "

As currently includes the City Armory, since the last third of the nineteenth and early twentieth century, reached its peak production the Haciendas of Armory, Cuyutlán and Paso del Rio. During the Revolution, were owners of the first, and Juana Doña Isaura Vidriales; of the second, Francisco Ramirez Santa Cruz and the third Dr. Albert J. Ochsner, wealthy financier that lived in Chicago and whose assets managed Gherzi Don Stephano.

Don Tomás Guevara Contreras, who bought the coconut oil in the Treasury of the Armory and then resold to manufacturers of coconut oil and soap in the state capital, review, during the Revolution, in this area never recorded a single fight between competing groups. More however, landowners in comment, in more than one occasion, they were forced to provide financial support, primarily to governments related to the usurper Victoriano Huerta.

More than revolutionary quarrels, among the few documented military incursions in the soil, these were raids overwhelmed by passions or revenge, as that committed by Augustine Saucedo at Hacienda Paso del Rio (Periquillo) in the month of June 1914:

"... motivated by the murder of his uncle Don Justo Saucedo, made, together with some of his friends there, go to the ranch Periquillo, place where administrator Gilberto Morales, saying that Saucedo was the individual who had paid a guy named Apollonius Tepames Centeno, that for a certain amount killed his uncle. Among his companions were Francisco Arce, Aurelio Garcia, Ascension Escudero, Ramon Torres, Gumersindo Preciado, Nicolas Martell and Evaristo Rivera. The entire group accompanied Saucedo totaling more than 50 people and they besieged the town on the plantation; penetrated the wooden staircase leading to rooms on the second floor and then to ask Enrique Solórzano Béjar, an employee of the farm , by the person who sought and was told que no se encontraba allí, tras de lo cual procedió a buscar en todas las dependencias de la finca a Gilberto Morales, el cual al darse cuenta que era el buscado salió de la habitación en que dormía, casi desnudo, brincó por una ventana y cayó detrás de un pequeño arbusto en donde fue encontrado y conducido a Tecomán. Allí se le vistió con ropa que no era la de él, se le paseó montado en un burro y se le ató al cuello un cartel escrito con frases malsonantes; llevado a la puerta del panteón fue fusilado y quién dirigió la ejecución fue Agustín Saucedo, de acuerdo a las ordenes de fusilamiento que el mismo Alamillo dictó…”

Con diferente enfoque, for constitutionalism, the same Treasury: "... was the scene of action of the bandit Pancho Villa and Huerta, who made cattle rustling, robberies, production of coconut palm and intimidation of residents. Gherzi always complained of incursions by the bandits on the property, both constitutional authorities and with representatives of U.S. government protection of property of nationals of the neighboring country. Given the frequency of attacks in 1915 Gherzi said the damage amounted to more than 40 000, mainly for theft of livestock, and therefore requested permission to have 20 armed guards and military protection, and demanded the early stabilization of the region to Juan Jose Rios, governor and military commander of the state. Ochsner, from Chicago, also pressured the Mexican authorities, state and federal, to protect the domain, "because of high productivity and benefit the economy of Colima."

In turn, the Treasury Armory: "... The military Agreed, whose members were Francisco Cosio, Andrew Villa, Martín Hernández, Mariano Cervantes, Pedro Rodriguez, Eutimio Hernandez, Silverio Ramirez, Toribio Wonderland, Fermin Torres, Lino Cervantes and Ignacio Bazán, employees Vidriales confidence was April 1920 attacked by a gang of bandits than 20 members, who murdered three members and wounding two others. The uncertainty caused by this confrontation led to the stoppage of the estate in that year, so the owners lost a lot of profits, it could not sell the production of coco and palm oil. Despite the problems, Isaura Vidriales now Núñez widow, managed to extend the activities of Armory from 1923, when he decided to exploit timber, the completion of processing coconut oil and the expansion of the maize crop. To this end, they took out new investments to build establish facilities where machinery for wood processing and the production of coconut oil ... "

Thus, in times of the Revolution, the Armory was our context, especially in the railway station, facts which were marked in the minds of its inhabitants. Now it may sound pretentious, maybe cold, but in those years it was common for residents, including women and children were terrified when they observed the crossing of troops from one side or another revolution.

In this confusing stage of our micro-history, the most common, was observed during transport by Armory, the sad spectacle which caused the passage of "strings of prisoners", and out of Manzanillo to the San Juan de Ulua and the center of the country to the Islas Marias prison. At that time, the "Armory station" was a necessary stop for supplies of water steam locomotives required at the time. His short stay favored anguish and consternation among the stunned villagers who by custom, and satisfied in mass arrivals of trains.

In this environment, Ms. Venturita Ruelas, in life, commented that:

"... it was depressing looking cage wagons, crowded stacked, tied like animals, who, taking their hands begging food or water. I once saw the face of one of the revolutionaries who were taken in a 'sane'. The bloodshot eyes of the beatings, his clothes torn and dirty, his face lacerated. The curious we approached the train, we were away, no courtesy whatsoever, by militias escorting ... "

One of the" strings of prisoners "most studied and most impact on the region was undoubtedly the leader Strike of Cananea, Sonora:

"... its leaders Esteban Baca Calderón, Manuel M. Diéguez, Carlos Guerra, Crisanto L. Diéguez, Paco Ignacio, Jose Lopez, Francisco Ibarra And ... Telésforo Martínez were sentenced to fifteen years imprisonment in the dungeons of San Juan de Ulua, Veracruz. Then, on instructions from the Governor of Sonora, Rafael Izabal, actors in a 'sane' was sent to Guaymas Sonora ... from there by boat ... on land Manzanillo Colima, were driven on foot from the port of Manzanillo to the capital of State ... went through Armory. In fact they take orders well, tied up, barefoot between the sand and sometimes among the pebbles of the difficult path of the coastal region ... After a stop in Colima were taken to the station Tuxpan, Jalisco ... It was January 1907 and in those years did not exist in the State of Colima broad gauge train, which was built ... De Tuxpan were spent in Guadalajara ... Then they would lead to Veracruz Mexico ... and finally ... "

relation to this event, Don Ricardo B. Nunez, in his book "Revolution in Colima," he writes:

"... Mr. Henry 0. De la Madrid, which at the time ruled this state ... I used to go into the reel to realize personally kept the city state ... In that year, 1907, in his morning walk in the vehicle that was pulled by horses, he saw entered the state capital, along the road leading to Manzanillo, a number of Federation soldiers guarding a number of individuals with their hands tied. The president asked the head of the group about why this, identifying himself as the chief magistrate of the state, and then so did you know that those guys were some of the leaders who had led the strike at Cananea, which, by operation the governor of Sonora were sent to San Juan de Ulua prison at that time was used to house the disaffected regime. Had been landed at the port of Colima and had to make the trek on foot to Tuxpan, a place that was rail terminal.

"I think these men will be tired - Enrique told the commander of the troops," I will order them provide beasts so they can get it to where the train. "And it was done. Some years later, when General Manuel M. Diéguez was Provisional Governor of Jalisco, was informed that among the prisoners in the Colorado headquarters of Guadalajara was the Governor of Colima, Enrique 0. De la Madrid, immediately ordered that he be brought before him, telling them to similar words: 'When you were Governor of Colima', ordered that strike my colleagues and I were facilitated horses not to walk on foot to Tuxpan, today, in return I put in absolute freedom. " Great was the surprise he received the former governor with that action, remaining sealed the friendship between the two since that date ... "

in 1924 passed the train station Armory another famous" rope "of prisoners from the city of Guadalajara to the port of Manzanillo. In this convoy moved, nothing less than the proven General Lazaro Cardenas del Rio. On this subject, contextualize:

presidential elections were held in 1923. The candidate Alvaro Obregon was General Plutarco Elias Calles. Other groups supported Don Adolfo de la Huerta. In December of that year, the second faction, took up arms, saying they disagreed with Obregon dedazo for Calles.

Concerning these events, his memoirs, General Lazaro Cardenas we participate:

"... During the rebellion Huerta was appointed by General Obregon, head of a column of cavalry of a thousand men to march to operate Jalisco Michoacan in the rear of the rebel General Enrique Estrada, who was concentrating his forces in Ocotlan, on the banks of the River Lerma - Santiago. In sustained combat Huejotitlán port, Jal. Against the forces General Estrada fell wounded and a prisoner ... "

American writer William Cameron Townsend in his book" Lázaro Cárdenas, Mexican Democrat "he writes.

In 1924: "... General Lazaro Cardenas was captured by his enemies he was transferred as part of a" rope "of prisoners of war - but not bound - in the car-box LN 13050 on 19 February of that year , after losing out in the battle of Teocuitatlán de Corona, Jalisco. Some of his friends, like Ladislao Moreno Barreto, tried him in the Armory station, but failed to do so until the Manzanillo ... "

The opinions in consideration, are examples of the many "strings" that only in time of the Revolution, passed through Armory. At a later date, this practice increased during the Cristero movement, but this will be the subject of further studies. In this direction, I summarize: in the collective memory of our ancestors, still remain numerous and poignant anecdotes about these unfortunate events. Pitiful spectacle witnessed for many years as part of their daily life, the little ones, male and female onlookers, shouting "here comes the train" is concentrated in the railroad station. To everyone's surprise, more than one occasion it was a new "cam" or "strings of prisoners."


bibliographic sources consulted: Alarcón

Menchaca, Laura. A Political Biography. Maytorena. Co-publication of the Universidad Iberoamericana and the Colleges of Jalisco. 1996.

B. Núñez, Ricardo. The revolution in the state of Colima. Editing Board of the National Institute of Historical Studies, an advisory body to the Ministry of Interior. Mexico, DF 1973. Brust

Victorino, Carlos Elio. Manzanillo: its history, toponymy, politics, society and culture. University of Colima. 1993.

Calderon Aragon, Georgina. Construction and reconstruction of the disaster. Editorial Plaza y Valdés, SA de CV Mexico, DF 2001.

Cameron Townsend, William. Lazaro Cardenas, Mexican Democrat. English translation by Editorial Grijalbo, 1954, page 380.

Casasola, Gustavo. "Graphic History of the Mexican Revolution." V Tomos. Editing Casasola. Mexico, DF 1970.

Cárdenas, Lázaro. Page book, published 1443 by the Centro de Estudios de la Revolución Mexicana "Lazaro Cárdenas. Notes. A Selection.."

1973 Dictionary of the Royal Academy English Language. Larousse Editorial. 1985 edition. Dictionary

Espasa-Calpe. 2006 Edition.

Dublán Manuel and Lozano, José María. Legislation issued since the independence of the Republic. Http://www.biblioweb.dgsca.unam.mx/dublanylozano/


Wikipedia Encyclopedia.
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebeli% C3% B3n_delahuertista

Galindo, Miguel. Colorful history of Colima. Edition of the University of Colima. 2005.

Gómez González, Rosa María. Habits, customs, rules and regulations in colonial society: 1759 -1794. Thesis in History. UAM-Iztapalapa. I996.

Hu-DeHart, Evelyn. Peasant revolt in the Northwest: The Yaqui Indians. Compilation Kats, Friedrich. Revolt, Rebellion, and Revolution. Rural struggle in Mexico from the sixteenth to the twentieth century. Editorial Era. Mexico City, Second Edition. 2004.

Bullé-Goyri Martínez, Víctor Manuel. Human Rights Developments in Mexico in the twentieth century. Editorial UNAM. Mexico, DF 1998. Ross

Neteller, Margarita Rosa. Memory Colima time. University of Colima. 1996.

Serrano Álvarez, Pablo. Farms and ranches of Colima. Origin, heyday and decline. Websites:
http://members.fortunecity.es/drserrano/pages/libros/Libr001a.htm # armeria Http://members.fortunecity.es/drserrano/pages/libros/Libr001a.htm
http://members.fortunecity.es/drserrano/pages/libros/Libr001a.htm # # Periquillo
armeria

Turner, John Kenneth . Barbarous Mexico. B. Costa-Amic. Editor. Mexico, DF, 1978. Velázquez

Andrade, Manuel. Recollections of Colima. University of Colima. Third Edition. Colima, Col. 2006.

How Many Minutes Do We Gain Each Day

In memory of Juan Manuel Covarrubias Leyva

Michel Miguel Chavez speech at the funeral of Juan Manuel Covarrubias
Leyva, former President
Armory Municipal, State of Colima. Mexico.

In antiquity, the Greeks believed that if it rained, when the children of the country died, it was a providential sign, for the Gods of Olympus, in the waters that symbolize life, we sent their congratulations to the mother land, erect, received in her lap the dead body of people by far, had served with honor, vital time. (Words spoken in reference to it was raining).

very respectable turnout.

thanking Mr. President Municipal use of voice, in his person, with the coming of the Covarrubias family friends Leyva, we express our gratitude to the kindness of the Honorable City Council for its initiative in organizing this ceremony.

Similarly, our solidarity and affection, testimónianos families Mendez Covarrubias Covarrubias Leyva and his amiable acquiescence, to honor with this fitting tribute, the life and work of our mutual friend Juan Manuel Covarrubias Leyva. Relatives and friends

all.

OK, loss of life, productive middle age is not easy. Questions about this particular, often make it difficult to answer, though, it teaches us daily that our passage through this region is of cycles, and we must get used to that earthly life is a gift only passenger, in which only have an opportunity to transcend through our works.

In this situation, for voice, by the capital letter esteem and affection, solidarity, as in life, I teamed up with Juan Manuel, as well as painful, it is profoundly difficult to express my ideas wisely my feelings and thus honor the life and work of our esteemed and always well remembered friend Juan Manuel Covarrubias Leyva.

Due to the closeness with his family many years ago, I met Juan Manuel as a child, restless, playful, respectful, but always reserved in the Treaty, particularly that identified him all his life. In his youth, he was part of the volleyball and basketball teams that represent our people in state and national competitions.

His life and works were the product de la cultura del esfuerzo. En efecto, al concluir su educación secundaria tuvo que salir del pueblo para estudiar en la Escuela Normal de Ciudad Guzmán. Al culminar su carrera profesional, fue comisionado, para cumplir con su labor docente, en el Municipio de Tomatlán, Jalisco. De regreso a su amada tierra, y en respuesta a su permanente deseo de superación, concluyó la carrera de derecho en la Universidad de Colima.

En vida, Juan Manuel Covarrubias Leyva, además de incondicional, sincero y leal con sus amigos, fue maestro por vocación, abogado por formación, deportista de por vida y servidor público por convicción. No fumaba, no tomaba, no se desvelaba y fue muy exigente en sus hábitos alimenticios. Por ello, no me explico, porque, se nos adelanta en el camino, para rendir tributo a la tierra en la que nació y a la que sirvió con pasión.

En este orden de ideas, convencido estoy, que la vida es un torbellino tan impredecible como inimaginable que en ocasiones nos lleva por senderos excepcionales y, cierto estoy, que lo único que no cambia, es el pasado, en donde no existe el hubiera. Por ello, hasta cierto punto, me siento culpable, de las angustias que en su vida pública tuvo que enfrentar Juan Manuel y su familia.

Sí amigos míos.

Con la certeza de no separarme un ápice de la encomienda recibida, consiéntaseme hablar en primera persona.

Cuando el people gave me their trust to coordinate their efforts, profile wise, quiet, discreet and conciliatory, Juan Manuel asked me help in the Directorate of Public Security and more words, fewer words, remember that I said "Boss, I'm teacher and me, politics does not concern me. " (In his daily dealings, so I said: "Chief"). After then, I had to resort to the good offices of Professor Ruben Tinoco and his fellow student and lifelong friend, my friend Ruben Velez to convince and I'm certain, like everyone has, it was a good Director of Public Safety .

Thus, with the light and experience Ruben Tinoco teachers' acanthus and Drusus Petra Alfonso Escalante, more, the willing and thoughtful contribution to the then young Ruben Velez, Rosie Perez, Carlos Cruz, Delia Gomez, J. Jesus Perez, Luis Manuel Jaramillo and Ricardo Gil Trujillo, with the intention to work Armory, we assemble a great team, again a great team, where the average age was 26 years. And we all became clear, that this management team completed its 31 December 1991.

diligent in his times and circumstances, for his perseverance and work, with its own light, most of these young men have held the most honorable of charges can aspire to a citizen armeritense and voice, respectful of the times and circumstances, always, without losing the friendship, discretion, Armory, I've kept a safe distance.

In this context, Juan Manuel, like other young people in comment, did their duty. Indeed, humility is gained the respect of law enforcement officers and the confidence of society in general, allowing him to repeat in the subsequent administration charge.

The Policy Institute of his closest friends, my party, headed the Municipal Committee where he expanded his circle of friends to reach the city hall, where also far, he turned to his people. In all neighborhoods and communities, though small, there are works that perpetuate their memory.

For just one example, repaired the drainage of the downtown area, which had not been maintained since its construction in the administration of Rosa María Macías Spirit. In the main garden, built ramps for the handicapped friends, thus initiating a new culture of respect for our brothers and sisters with disabilities. As a good sportsman, rehabilitated the sports, placed ceilings and floors in the Auditorium Professor Ruben Tinoco Alcántar and built, for the pride of Armory, the Casa de la Cultura.

In their quest for our spa tourism projects in Cuyutlán, arranged with the then governor Silverio Cavazos paving the main road, construction of the kiosks and the refurbishment of its pier, who today cast new urban physiognomy most traditional resort in the west of the Republic.

political campaign in the past, I know, that he asked the then candidate for Governor Mario Moreno Anguiano included in the agenda of the one hundred works, the gates of paradise spa and rehabilitation of national highway in the stretch of Nezahualcoyotl and Cuauhtémoc avenues. So how, the restoration of central medians Avenida Manuel Alvarez of this city. For your satisfaction, carefully, from inside his home in privacy, rejoiced at the opening of these important works.

memories In this framework, those who had the fortune to share feelings, friendships and experiences, learn about the anxieties enlarge Juan Manuel was primarily, if not enough local resources to provide timely responses to the just demands of society . Tensions and concerns in more than one occasion broke their health.

In this vein, synthesized, Juan Manuel Covarrubias Leyva, weighted for the few and misunderstood by many, was an exceptional human being, honest public service, talented in their daily lives, working in their responsibilities, in short, was a man of great worth.

In Armory, with strengths and weaknesses, we all know, no one can fool anybody. Therefore, the people's knowledge, that Juan Manuel never got rich under the public service. Consequently, his life and work, in these moments of pain, should serve as a strength and example. His legacy is far superior to those, so vilified.

Yes my friends, in this time of grief, we must make a stop on the way to reflect on the importance of unit, as the only viable strategy to work for the greatness of Armory. On more than one occasion, I said, and today, again I repeat, in Armory, with different names and different names, are one big family. When no blood ties, or are godparents or godchildren or we are compadres, in short, we are one big family. Therefore, I insist, it is time to eliminate rancor, it's time to lower shields, color they are, and just keep upright the only banner that unites us, the flag Armory.

Therefore, in recognition of his tireless work, the tenacity of their efforts, the brightness of his intelligence, perseverance of their aspirations and moral value of their actions, here and now, to share with your family this fitting tribute, we assume the public commitment to continue its proven example.

Before concluding, we express our gratitude to the solidarity of our fellow citizens who are active in other parties other than Juan Manuel, who with great respect, they accompany us in our pain.

the foregoing, in the aspect of this significance, with the honorable representation of the Honorable Constitutional City Armory, the former mayor colleagues and friends of Juan Manuel, with respect to his wife Martha, his children, his aunt (who always respected her second mother, his brothers and sisters, their sisters and brothers, nephews and other relatives here and now, we endorse our greater solidarity and friendship point. Family

Covarrubias Juan Manuel Leyva, feel deeply proud of the life and work of her husband, father and brother. Pride that we also share. Rest in peace

our colleague and friend Juan Manuel Covarrubias Leyva.

you soon my friend.



Armory, Col. Sept. 18, 2010.

chavezmichel@gmail.com
chavezmichel@hotmail.com

Oblivion Undress People

"COLIMA involvement in the struggles for independence"

Comments made by Chávez Miguel Abelardo Michel's book Ahumada, an event verified at the House of Culture of the City of Colima, on Tuesday, September 14, 2010. Friends All

.

voice For three reasons, I is pleasantly enjoyable, participating in this table, next to professional scholars and intelligent friends, to share my humble comments, the book, of course, well written and carefully documented, which here and now, us Abelardo Ahumada.

The former is confined to the capital estimate and supportive affection that I linked to the author, the second special emotion, by giving her the opportunity to share with a friend, his commendable effort to publish a new text to its already substantial intellectual creation and publishing, the third, no less important, and certainly the central theme of the work under review, considering this convocation occasion, so that together reflect on the circumstances, contexts, patterns, arguments and pretexts, the sum of events of such socio-political, economic, educational, military, religious and cultural, which occurred in the first third of the nineteenth century, in which people actively participated in the Party then was part Colima of the former Municipality of Guadalajara.

Before entering the field, as a preamble to my gloss, allow me to explain the existence of a significant source document printed in 1911. Indeed, ninety-nine years ago, as part of what they called the "Centenary of the last war Colima for National Independence," the press of the State Government, published in two volumes, the book "Colima and the War of Independence ", select compilation of official and private documents on major political events - that occurred in the military today Free and Sovereign State of Colima, from the Grito de Dolores harangued by Hidalgo in 1910, to the triumphal entry of the army Trigarante to Mexico City in 1821.

This excellent collection, a pioneer in documentary evidence of our micro-history and discreetly, only kept in archives and special libraries was compiled by Don José María Rodríguez Castellanos, renowned archivist Colima and prefaced by the Fr. Aguilar Tiburcio, which is shown, the participation of famous Colima in the armed struggle in comment.

I mention this background literature to recognize Smoked Abelardo diligent professionalism and intellectual honesty point, citing, in their narrative, their information sources, among others, instrumental in the compendium contained above.

Thus, "Colima's participation in the struggle for Independence" is composed of 6 chapters, in which the author, in chronological order, describes, step by step, how was that Colima and its people were involved in local events, regional and national, in which, first, the controversy caused by them to have segregated Valladolid to append to the Municipality of Guadalajara and later, the debate over autonomy to free the nascent state of Jalisco. In his narrative, Abelardo Ahumada, much teaching, contextualized local events in a regional context and, after analysis of the circumstances of the time, he explains, the performance of our countrymen in the process of disappearance of the viceroyalty and the consolidation of Mexico as a country independent.

In this situation, I must analyze the third chapter, "Winds of Freedom", which, with its entertaining style, the author, through his reading, he invites us to explore in greater depth the struggle of our local heroes the documentary sources that support their research, to date, only known by specialists.

Moving in parallel with increased feelings of animosity that some Creoles valued in their own regions, in this chapter, the writer, begins his review with the Napoleonic invasion of the Iberian Peninsula and its impact in New Spain. Difficult times and, no less uncertain, fueled for the overthrow of Viceroy Iturrigaray, which exacerbated the winds of independence and had its impact in Nueva Galicia. Consequently, their effects, broke the routine of the inhabitants of Colima.

In this vein, despite the precarious situation of the roads, then, the news, often confused, at a speed record, was known to the inhabitants of Colima. Plot: Just three days after the Queretaro conspiracy discovered on 19 September 1810, Don Roque Abarca, Governor of the Municipality of Guadalajara, sent a letter to Don Juan Linares, deputy representative of Colima, "ordering him to visit ... often mesons to be well aware of who they entered or exited the town, with additional instruction to perform night patrols with the police and report any suspicious person or movement ... "

Similarly, following instructions from above, local authorities, set used in public places the first orders of the Governor of Guadalajara against the movement started by Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla.

addition, to fighting insurgents with similar mandates, the Sub-delegate and Commander Juan Francisco Linares Guerrero del Espinal, received orders to organize six companies, plus a Coahuayana to integrate Colima militias which in turn form part of the South second division of the Administration of Guadalajara.

Although vague, it must have been great diversity of views that led to this information, on the one hand, and mainland authorities, mostly with extraordinary speed organized to defend their privileges. On the other, with the same urgency, were activated the consciences of animosity against the colonial regime, mainly among those who, with caution, they were unhappy the oppressive system.

that regard, I quote the author: "... With this type of news and order ... it is easy to imagine the curses that is caused among those who were being invited to take up arms and those who were required to provide the necessary resources for gunpowder and supplies ... "(concludes the quote).

example above, with a brief letter, dated September 30, 1810, Pedro Regalado Llamas, informed his father Don Francisco Covarrubias, who went to war or company to lead us ", whereupon the author notes, the why, the famous Colima, three months later, he joined the ranks of the insurgency.

comparable situation, must have experienced the English Don Francisco Guerrero del Espinal, who, to keep a presence quiet and full of privileges, authorities and civilians exempted him just because of administration, since 1792, the estates owned by the heirs of Count Rule Don Pedro Romero de Terreros, perhaps, from another perspective, also was forced to take up arms, where, soon after lost his life.

This local aspect, the guarantors of the existing order, in addition to the preparations for the defense of Colima, the first of October 1810, under the command of Don Francisco Espinal Guerrero, left the town of Colima, on the way to Guadalajara carrying about 500 men. While in the region, continued to ecclesiastical censures and dissemination of excommunication against Father Hidalgo and his followers.

turn, with different orientation, addicts Father José Antonio Díaz, to analyze the facts and according to their subsequent confession "... to defend the king ...", their homes, their land and their families, Sunday October 7, Pedro José Guzmán, "Mayor of the Republic of Indians Almoloyan" met with leaders of the people and scribe "Juan Santos Cruz" and resolved to send messages to their "... blood of the peoples of Comala Zacualpan Juluapan, Coquimatlán, Tecomán, Tamala, and Cautlán Ixtlahuacán to meet two days later, begging, that each of the villages should come accompanied by two or three assistants .... " The mail was intercepted in Juluapan, what environment, that same day, will be verified a second meeting in the cemetery of the former convent of San Francisco. To thwart a possible rebellion, participants were apprehended and subsequently, through the Father Francisco Vicente Ramírez de Oliva, were left free but under surveillance.

Equidistant to the events taking place in Colima, Hidalgo Father José Antonio Torres commissioned Alias \u200b\u200b"The Master" to rise up in arms "... the people of Colima and the region of Sayula and Zacoalco ..." In turn, in Guadalajara, the authorities established the Higher Council of Government, Security and Defence, whose main purpose was to protect the city and attack the rebel groups sprang up around the west of the viceroyalty.

Following the triumphs insurgents in Sahuayo, between 4 and 6 November, "The master Torres' defeat at the battle of the regiment Zacoalco named" crusade ", organized by Bishop Cabañas, where the recruits realistic Colima, scored very poorly delivered.

Meanwhile, the November 8, 1810, following instructions from his father, José Antonio Torres (Jr.) and Rafael Arteaga easily took the town of Colima, misma que fue recuperada por el ejército virreinal en abril de 1811, sin que se disparara un solo tiro. Durante el eventual dominio de los insurgentes en Colima, se integraron a la causa muchos paisanos que llegaron a figurar como cabecillas, entre otros Manuel Regalado (tío de Pedro Regalado), José Calixto Martínez, Ignacio Sandoval, el Lego Gallaga, el Cura José María Venegas, Cadenas, Fermín Ortiz y Antonio Béjar.

Invitándolos a recrearse en la lectura de este excelente libro, por razones de tiempo, no me detendré en los variados incidentes que se presentaron durante la corta estancia de los insurrectos en Colima y su fatal desenlace. Corresponderá a mis compañeros comentaristas glosarles the triumphal entry of the insurgents to Guadalajara, his defeat at the bridge of Calderon and the widespread dispersal of the insurgents.

Before closing my remarks, in conclusion, allow me a brief reflection:

Thanks to the vision fair and conciliatory Abelardo Ahumada, that as a good academic, without bias, and moreover, without insult or cheer with adjectives persuasive, the actors of one or the other, with professionalism original, only the clarity of the evidence reviewed, in his narrative, is concretized the objective analysis of the facts, contexts and circumstances.

Therefore, reading this text, I understood with clarity, that the war of independence was not only destruction and death, of one or other, but also to promote social disruption prevailing, it was a movement generating feelings of identity and belonging, where they germinated varied collective imagination , that in light of the time, gave the mother country and freedom.

Initially, with various inclinations, all agreed to fight for Fernando VII. The realistic, focused their complaints to preserve their privileges peninsular origin, the insurgents fought to extinguish the differences that separated them from the mainland, the more that either joined or were recruited from either side through the fight were accentuating their ethnic or geographic origin, to become aware of freemen.

So, sooner or later, some first and others later, in harmony with their approaches, needs, insights, time and political tenets of the era, along hostilities were gradually cementing the idea of \u200b\u200bbuilding an "American nation" and thus genuine feelings were strengthened independence, which led to the Mexican nation.

the foregoing, friends Abelardo, commentators and the general public.

Congratulations and congratulations.

chavezmichel@gmail.com
chavezmichel@hotmail.com

What Does Copperhead Road Mean

"Profile of the Parish of Armory" Greetings to Queen


Miguel Chavez Michel
Paper prepared with the support of the Cultural Antares Armory "and that because of the" Priestly Year Celebration 2009 - 2010 "will present on 3 September 2010 in the Parish of Armory.

Dedication.

With gratitude and respect to dedicate this modest essay by Fr. Juan Hernández León, visionary priest, who, ahead of his time, passing through this land, sowed the seeds of education and progress.

toponymy.

The Fr. Urzua Roberto Orozco, in his study "The people of the Valley Tecomán" argues, based on records of the books of the parish of "Saint James", the name "Armory" derives from "Almería", namesake of a English province of Islamic origin, located on the western shores of the Mediterranean Sea. Which means that the "Estancia de Almería", was built by an Iberian origin Almeria.

In this vein, the word "Almería" disintegrates from Arabic al-Andalus "almariyya" speech which consists of the words "to" expressing "place" and "Mariyya" term, which in turn is formed "Mara'a" which sets out the verb "observe" or "monitor" which means that the "Almeria" Hispano-Islamic means "place where it is observed or monitored."

Evolution.

Without knowing the exact date of its foundation, our people, with the category of "Stay" appears on official documents until the late eighteenth century with the name "Almería". His first settlement was located on the west bank of the river Nahualapa (Rio Grande). Because of a growing, in 1875, "Finance Armory" moved west a league ranking by the current ejido Street, opposite what was the "Railway Station."

History teaches us that in this basin, in pre-Hispanic times were detained Otomíes coming from the central table, and other tribes from the south. Here, also prospered Nahuatlacas small regions of influence, as Tequepa, Coatlan and Coyutla, among others. Clear testimony of this, is the large number of tombs of pre-Conquest pottery extracted from its soil.

The land went from the "natives" to the "conquerors" and "entrusted" to the "Jesuit." To 1793, "Finance Armory" was bought at auction, the Conde de Regla Don Pedro Romero de Terreros and 1873 belonging to his great-grandson of Don Manuel Pedreguera, and its last owner Doña Isaura Vidriales.

For the construction of the narrow-gauge railroad in the nineteenth century, joined the city of Manzanillo in Colima, here, set up camp railroad, which originally housed the workers who were laying ties and rails and then, for the placement of the piles, which was the first railway bridge. The inaugural locomotive that made the test track, as the official slogan Official "The State of Colima, the settlement reached Armory in December 1882 and September 1889 to make his first trip to the city of Colima.

parallel to this important means of communication that served as liaison with the rest of the country, was the "land distribution" which marked the beginning of the progress of the coastal plain. Also, how well what our elders tell "... when the ocean went, the ranch grew ...", and certainly after powerful quake, on 22 June 1932, presented a" tsunami that devastated the resort Cuyutlán. Consequences, the survivors took refuge in the "Armory ranch, staying here, many of them, definitely file.

This unprecedented population growth, led to our authorities, that the then "rancheria" Armory, was elevated to the category of "people" (April 29, 1935). To establish its legal fund, by Decree number 44, expropriate the property of Armory the amount of 42 hectares, 70 areas.

In recognition of the efforts of its inhabitants, 26 May 1967, by Decree No. 119, Armory agricultural area is elevated to the status of municipality. For this, 330 km were segregated the municipality of Manzanillo and 62 to the Coquimatlán. In this context, the Armory population was given the status of municipal and framed within its jurisdiction the villages of Cuyutlán Periquillo and Brotherhood of Juarez Spa Paradise and the villages of Skunks (now The Kings), Rincon de Lopez , Coastecomatán, The Puertecito, The Crossed and Cualatilla, also known by the name of Augusto Gomez Villanueva. Overtures
faith.

Father Salvador Murguia in an essay on Tecomán Parish (rescued by Fr. Crescenciano Brambila), slogan, that for the middle years of the nineteenth century, in the settlement Armoury, "... all the houses were thatched or take off and there was no chapel. When Mr. Cure Tecomán going to officiate the Mass was to celebrate in private homes, which at times was that of Mr. Serapio Sanchez .... "

Cuyutlán Post-tsunami (1932), Mr. Cura Tecoman, Fr. D. Jose Maria Arreguin, served in the church for our people. On this issue, Don Guadalupe Rodríguez (a) "Comino" in life, I said: "... at our request, the December 12, 1932 was concelebrated in the" galley "of the" Treasury of Armory "a high mass in honor of the Virgen de Guadalupe ... we commit ourselves to it when we saw the sea coming over us ... so when they built the Armory Chapel asked the Bishop Don Amador Velasco that the Church is dedicated to the "brunette of Tepeyac. "

From 1932 to 1939, religious services are provided sparingly. First Chapels

Armory.

In 1935, the village planned Armory, Don Jesus Covarrubias donated to the temple, two farms that were located by the then Progress Avenue (Manuel Alvarez), including Nuevo Leon and Chihuahua Street, opposite the Primary School Revolution. Immediately with support from the inhabitants built a thatched chapel. (First Hood)

In 1939, Mr. Cura Tecoman, Fr. D. Jose Maria Arreguin, commissioned Father Juan Hernández León to organize the Armory parishioners, who, at the insistence of a group of Catholics, the "house of God" was changed to the corner of Hidalgo and Nayarit streets, ( Current Parish). To do this, he built a brick chapel (second chapel) and, on the model, the temple of the village of El Limon, Jalisco, began construction of a title with two concrete towers (Bell), who in two decades after they were demolished. Vicarage

Armory.

The opening of the first temple and its frontispiece, 12 December 1943, with the permission of the Hon. Titular Bishop Mr. Don José Amador Velasco and Peña, Assistant Bishop Don Ignacio de Alba and Hernandez said "Armory patron" to the "Virgen de Guadalupe." To commemorate this great event was celebrated the "first task" with a "Novena" in honor of the virgin. Eleven months later, on November 12, 1944, the Chapel of Armory "was elevated to the category of" Vicarage "and was appointed the first Vicar Fr. Juan Hernández León. Parish

Armory.

HE. Bishop Don Ignacio de Alba and Hernandez, by decree of December 5, 1951, erected in "Parish" to the then Vicariate Armory. The provision was implemented on 10 December of that year with a "Pontifical Mass", the decree was read by Mr. Cure Tecomán Don José Maria Arreguin. The Bishop of Alba, appointed the first parish priest Fr. Juan Hernández León. This day was the first stone of the present parish church. Pastors



Mr. Cura. Juan Hernández León +
Mr. Cura. José Soto Pilgrim +
Mr. Cura. Angel Plascencia
Orgaz Mr. Cura. Mr. Antonio Zamora
Leal Mr. Cura. Michel +
Barreto Canuto Mr. Cura. Francisco Rincón Cárdenas
Mr. Cura. Mr. Luciano Sánchez +
Uribe Mr. Cura. Mr. Manuel Alvarez Mr. Gaspar
Cura. Abel Rodríguez Preciado
Mr. Cura. Gamaliel Arturo Gómez
Terriquez Mr. Cura. Mr. Jaime Alberto Fuentes Aguirre
Mr. Cura. Carlos Santana Covarrubias



Vicars Fr. Héctor Ortega
Michel Fr. Pedro Vargas Rodriguez
Fr. J. Natividad Gomez Leal
Fr. Isaiah De La Cruz Vergara
Fr. Guillermo Galindo Velasco
Fr. Jerome Moran Galván
Fr. Javier Vargas Hernandez
Fr. Luis Gonzalez Curiel +
Fr. Escobar Cobián Bonifacio
Fr. J. Jesus Cortes Neri +
Fr. J. Santos Maldonado Zabalza
Fr. Rafael López Silva
Fr. Alejandro Pérez Deniz
Fr. Rodríguez José Manuel Neri
Fr. Macias Mejia Alejo
Fr. J. Mora Jesus Amezcua
Fr. Álvaro Cortés Guerrero
Fr. Agustin Jaime Negrete Mendoza
Fr. Rubén Aguilar Alcaráz
Fr. Luis Humberto Garcia Vuelvas
Fr. Daniel Hernandez +
Fr. J. Refugio Ramirez Davila
Fr. Sunday Castilian Iñiguez
Fr. Brambila Crescenciano García +

Priests Religious and lay missionaries who have carried out special missions in the Parish of HE

Armory. Bishop. Ignacio De Alba Hernandez +
Canon. J. Jesus Michel Isordia
Fr. Mr. Rafael González +
Fr. Ruelas Pedro Zamora.
Fr. Daniel Alvarado Altamirano
Fr. J. Guadalupe Negrete Naranjo
Fr. Rafael Martínez Barajas
Fr. Jorge Estrada Trujillo +
Fr. Aguayo Roberto Carrillo De Colima

Diocesan Seminary Missionary Sisters "Daughters of Calvary Missionary Sisters
" Eucharistic Mary Immaculate Parish Council

Apostolic Groups

* The author is a member of the State Council of the Chronicle, Colima Association of Journalists and Writers, and Writers' Association of Cities and Towns of the State of Colima.

chavezmichel@gmail.com
chavezmichel@hotmail.com
chavezmichel@colima.com

Tank Tops With Lace At The Bottom

Salutation Daniela I
Queen's 2010 Armory Lions Club, AC

greeting by the chronicler of Armory, Colima. Mexico

very respectable audience

Carmelita I

Inspired feelings of gratitude, I am writing to you Carmen I, beautiful sovereign 2009-2010. Here and now, at the end of your reign, on behalf of our Club, for your effort, delivery and work, get the security of our timely recognition, friendship and solidarity fraternal affection. Altruism, enthusiasm and dedication to service, what standards your authority, we are convinced that invigorated the works and services, social awareness, organized and coordinated in support of the activities of the committee of ladies and our community.

Thanks also to the Exreinas of our house, and Sovereign Ambassadors clubs and fraternal groups, which by his grace, fashion and elegance, extraordinary grace the Lions tradition of our new princess crown.

friends:

Singing songs of joy, let me speak out, to proclaim from North to South, from East to West and through Noon Normans, who as of today June 12, 2010, Daniela I, is the new sovereign of the Lions Club Armory. Daniela

I:

Your master name in Hebrew, states: "God is judge" for Latinos, "divine justice."

Thy signs; embody creativity, sensitivity and perseverance.

Your emotional nature, express firmness, strength and tenacity.

Therefore, your name, sign and nature, represent the purity of faith, love God and sensible and active force that set your profile expressive, enterprising and sociable.
Lovely
sovereign:

With these essences, your new hierarchy, gives you the privilege to show you and give, your ability to act, and your potential for innovation and the ability to transcend.

So lovely girl, in your honor, consiénteme paraphrase a beautiful message of Mother Teresa, the patron saint of the poor, raised to the altar by his great works of philanthropy and Placido Domingo, in his "Hymn to life, recovered for the world.

".... Life is an opportunity, benefit;
life is friendship, Send her away;
Life is beautiful, enjoy it;
Life is candid, Gózalo;

Life is a dream, realize it;
Life is a challenge, meet it;
Life is a duty, complete;
Life is learning, aprémialo;

Life is a gift, be thankful;
Life is play, recreation,
Life is precious, cherish it;
Life is hope, defend,

Life is way transítalo;
Life is wealth, keep it;
Life is love, preserve it, Life is
mystery devélalo;

Life is a promise, fulfill it;
Life is sorrow, overcome it, Life is
hymn, sing it, Life is
combat Challenge her;

Life is tragedy, dominal;
Life is an adventure, beat him;
Life is bliss, merécela;
Life is joy, share,

Life is death, be prepared;
Life is life, live it fully ... "

May God bless you, my Queen.

Health.


Armory, Col. June 12, 2010 Miguel Chavez Michel


chavezmichel@gmail.com
chavezmichel@hotmail.com

What Happen To Angel Blade

XLIII anniversary of the creation of the Municipality of Armory

Address

Where Do I Found Jirachi In Pokemon Deluce

75 Anniversary of being elevated to the category of "People" the then "Rancheria Armory"

Miguel Chavez Remarks by Michel at the Ceremony Civic verified "Independence School" of the colony of the same name of the City Armory, organized by the LVI Legislature H. Congress of State in coordination with the Ministry of Education and the H. City Hall Armory.
Armory, April 29, 2010 Col.

very respectable authorities Guests and other audience

Children Youth and Ladies and Gentlemen

Friends All.

the satisfaction that comes with being born in this land, where we learned from our elders, love and serve Mexico, be my first words, to state our testimony of gratitude and, at the same time, congratulate, because our friends, deputies and deputies, members of the LVI Legislature H. State Congress agreed to check today on this campus, this important civic ceremony, in addition, to commemorate the anniversaries of April, too, we gather to celebrate the "75th anniversary" of being upgraded to "village", the then "rancheria" Armory.

Thus, in the framework of the commemorations of the bicentennial and the centennial of the beginning of the two feats that defined the Mexican Nation: Independence and Revolution, here and now, remember that a day like today, deputies of the XXIX Legislature passed the "ranch" Armory, being awarded the category of "people." Indeed, as governor of Don Salvador Saucedo State and Government Secretary General Mr. Salvador G. Govea, Decree No. 44 which entered this event wizard was published in the Official Gazette on 4 May of that year. They were part of the Legislature, local representatives Gaytán Porfirio Nunez, Adolfo Preciado, J. Jesus Valencia, Crispin Rios Ramirez, Bartolo Lopez, J. Jesus Aguilar and Jesus Otero Pablos. For all of them, with gratitude, my words are a badge of honor.

In this situation, let me a brief outline of the origin, place names and evolution of our people. History teaches us that in this basin, were arrested Otomíes coming from the central table for other tribes from the south. Here, also prospered Nahuatlacas small regions of influence, as Tequepa, Coatlan and Coyutla, among others. Clear testimony of this, is the large number of tombs of pre-Conquest pottery extracted from its soil. In the conquest, the inhabitants must join the ranks of the brave "Tecos", who fell fighting heroically in "Alima" defending the domain of "Colima."

Without knowing the exact date foundation, our people, with the category of "Stay" appears on official documents until the late eighteenth century with the name "Almería". His first settlement was located on the west bank of the river Nahualapa, in what was the plot of Don Estanislao Delgado, ie in the triangle between the municipal slaughterhouse, the railroad bridge and the new highway bridge to Manzanillo . Because of a growing and known as "Rio Grande" in 1875, "Finance Armory" moved west a league placing for the current ejido Street, opposite what was the "Railway Station " the City Armory today.

The name "Armory" derives from "Almería", namesake of a English province of Islamic origin, located on the western shores of the Mediterranean Sea. It is worth mentioning, during colonization, Hispanics were the practice to appoint the people they conquered, with the names of their place of origin. Which means that the "Estancia de Almería", was established by an Iberian origin Almeria. Proof of this statement, are the books of the parish of St. James of Tecoman, that for 1687, recorded 5 burials of residents of the ranch "Almería".

In this vein, the word "Almería" disintegrates from Arabic al-Andalus "almariyya" speech which consists of the words "to" expressing "place" and "Mariyya" a term which in turn form "mara" to "which sets out the verb" observe "or" monitor "which means that the" Almeria "Hispano-Islamic means" place where it is observed or monitored. "

The land went from the Indians to the conquering and "entrusted" to the "Jesuit." For 1793, the "Treasury of Armory" acquired at auction, the Conde de Regla Don Pedro Romero de Terreros and 1873 belonging to his great-grandson of Don Manuel Pedreguera, and its last owner Doña Isaura Vidriales.

port to communicate the "Santiago" with the "Villa de Colima" in 1536, construction began on a dirt road, preparing to do so, the archaic path that connected the Indian villages and Caxitlán Coyutla. Subsequently, this branch was part of the "Camino Real de Colima." Defending

republican institutions, the worthy of the Americas Don Benito Juárez García, used this way to get from Colima to Manzanillo finances through the Armory on the evening of April 8, 1858, overnight that night in the resort of Cuyutlán.

For the construction of the narrow-gauge railroad in the nineteenth century, joined the city of Manzanillo in Colima, here, set up camp railroad, which originally housed the workers who were laying ties and rails and then, for the placement of the piles, which was the first railway bridge. The inaugural locomotive that made the test track, as the slogan "Official Journal" came to Armory in December 1882 and September 1889 to make his first trip to the city of Colima.

parallel to this important communication channel that transformed business of our organization and served as liaison with the rest of the country was land distribution that marked the beginning of the progress of the coastal plain. Also, how well what our elders tell "when the ocean went, the ranch grew, and certainly after strong earthquakes on 22 June 1932 presented a" tsunami that devastated the resort of Cuyutlán. Consequences, the survivors took refuge in "Armory ranch, staying here, many of them, definitely file. These facts

accounts for population growth this decade. Examine statistics: in 1921 only had a farm with 40 laborers, by 1924 there were 300 inhabitants. However, the population decrease Cristero generated by the revolution in 1935 increased by 1,500.

This unprecedented population growth, led to our authorities, that the then "rancheria" Armory, was elevated to the category of "people." To establish its legal fund, by the aforementioned decree, the property is expropriated to Armory the amount of 42 hectares, 70 areas. To develop draft planning was appointed Mr. Carlos Hernández. Thus, from 1935, went on sale lots of urban land of 15 x 30 meters, in three categories: the first (central) value of $ 90.00, the second to $ 75.00, and third to $ 50.00 ea . For these operations, which were in installments, the State Treasury appointed Receiver of Revenue to Mr. J. Felix Torres Curiel. Friends

all.

In this scenario, our ancestors, most of whom could neither read nor write, but with love for the land, good faith and imagination, were able to sharpen the senses and live full time. Indeed, without more capital, the fertility of the soil, a bag with salt and tortillas and the strength of his arms, worked tirelessly day and night. Some, with his family, supporting others to cultivate the land. The others, in gratitude to their offspring, helping them to reap the first effort of its work.

All, without farming tools, a machete, an ax, a sickle, a pick and shovel, transformed the land, once desolate, malaria and unsafe, in an orchard. This shows us that our fathers and mothers, love and work, there was no challenge to the bully, or circumstance that defeat.

Today, thanks to the persistent and visionary effort, we have plots, perennial crops, surface water, deep wells, tractors, roads removed crops, roads, electricity, schools and infrastructure. In short, we inherited all to continue growing. Dear friends

. Today

are other problems and other circumstances. Indeed, new times we live, that call us all, new commitments. Indeed, in a society increasingly more educated and informed as ours, they are more civic obligations, which means that to live and coexist in a pluralistic community as Armory, only through dialogue, tolerance and respect we can build bridges that allow us to unite wills, as did our parents, by the greatness of Armory.

In this regard, in 1968, when it was founded in the Armory "CNOP Municipal League, to take over as its first Clerk, well, my father said," The Best of Armory is its people. In the Armory, we are a large family, with different ways of thinking, different names, different names and different blood ties, we are all related and who are not relatives, are godchildren, godparents, or are we comrades, in short, all we are family , then then, as in large families, we have no other, if we want progress, invariably, have to agree "

Epilogue: Of all adults, Armory, so require new generations. Therefore, in the face of history of our people, we hear the anguish of our children claim, that claim, we agree.

Friends,

True, the example, with daily events, our parents taught us: "In fertile ground in strong effort, work together and with love, for the greatness Armory.

for your attention and friendship

Many thanks.

chavezmichel@gmail.com
chavezmichel@hotmail.com

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Translation:

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Where Can I Watch Southpark On My Ipod Touch

Armory, a lookback

Book published by the Ministry of Education
the Colima State Government
First Edition.

April 2009 Foreword.

the satisfaction that comes with being born in Armory, fertile land, productive and generous, where we learned from our parents to love and serve Mexico. Strengthened in spirit by the dynamism, warmth and strength of our people to it that much and we always favor us with your friendship and support, I write this modest essay in tribute to the enthusiastic aspiration of our greatest triumph with passion and commitment the land became once barren garden.

Therefore, the healthy way, that new generations know the story of the Armory, at the invitation of my friends Professor Carlos Cruz Mendoza, Secretary of Education of the government State and licensed Leyva Juan Manuel Covarrubias, Mayor of Armory, I give this modest effort which summarizes the daily acts that made our parents to build a society becoming more educated, more informed, participatory, and because it does not say more plural and more complaining.

In this situation, this research, is based on the chronicles that since 2004 have been published in newspaper "Diario de Colima" where I expose, through short rapporteurs, the synthesis of personal experiences, interviews with actors of our progressive historical development and the corresponding analysis of documentary evidence. What enables me to present this essay, which also aims, to rescue, preserve and disseminate the history of our people.

For the greatness of Armory, in "fertile ground determined effort" do, that the temper of our arm to be effective on the ground.

leave in reading these lines, the generous understanding of my readers, countrymen and friends.

Armory, Col. April 2008. Miguel Chavez Michel



toponymy.

Armory, head of the municipality of the same name, State of Colima, owes its name to the room that gave it its origin. One can not specify the date Established the hotel dates back to the eighteenth century that a settlement existed with the name "Almería", whose nomination, for the use and custom of the time, should have been in honor of its namesake English port, as Hispanic, had a practice of appointing the conquered territories or peoples founded with the name of their place of origin.

In this vein, the Fr. Urzua Roberto Orozco, in his book "People Tecomán Valley" based on records from the books of the Parish of St. James of Tecoman, reveals that in 1786 "were 5 burials Almería Ranch" therefore argues that the name "Armory" comes from "Almería".

Thereupon . In turn, the word "Almería" disintegrates Andalusi Arabic "al-Mariyya" speech which consists of the words "to" expressing "place" and "Mariyya" a term which in turn form "mara" to "which sets out the verb" to observe or monitor "which means that the" Almeria "Hispano-Islamic means" place where it is observed or monitored. "

pre-Columbian art.

Thanks to the rich offerings of pottery pre-Conquest located in this region that include clay figurines and stone metate, we can say that it was inhabited since time immemorial. Its main population centers were subsequently met with the names of Coates, Quatecomatan (Cuastecomate) Coyutla (Cuyutlán) Tequepa (Wetlands) and Xicot Bank (wasp).

To study this stage we only have the rich pottery extracted from its soil, the archaeologist Isabel Kelly in his book "Art of Ancient Mexico" (1941), divided into two phases continued: "period Armory" and "complex Periquillo. "

From the point of view archaeological called "period Armory (located between 850 and 1250) to set figurines located in what is now the municipality of Armory and the basin of the same name and is associated with the Toltec culture. One of the characteristics of these effigies is its development as semitablilla flattened with anthropomorphic (human form). Manufacturing are rough with rough, broad head with a tuft rectangular.

The so-called "complex Periquillo," then the previous one, comprising 1250 to 1521 and it is related to Mexican culture. Manufacturing are hollow baked clay, with anthropomorphic (form human), zoomorphic (animal form) and fitomorfas (plants and vegetables).

Parcel and trustees.

In a detailed study of Don Jesus Amaya Topete, describes that once the conquest was accomplished we proceeded to the division of territory between settlers and these, with the character of "trustees" were the first English settlers in the region. As regards the geographical area that now comprises the town of Armory, were beneficial owners:

Diego Garrido: Conqueror of Colima and Michoacan, was a neighbor of Colima since its founding. First encomendero of the peoples of Xicot (Banco wasp) and Quatecomatan (Cuastecomate) with permission of Nuno de Guzman came in exchange for Juan de Aguilar, said he received no return. He also was responsible for the peoples of Suchitlán and Epatlan among others, who inherited his widow Elvira Arevalo, who at death left the parcel to her second husband, Francisco Preciado.

Juan de Aguilar Solórzano, surnamed well as being a native of Villa de Aguilar, Spain. Participated in the taking of Tenochtitlan and the conquest of Colima. Obtained by barter with Diego Garrido three hundred and fifty indigenous peoples, two of them Xicot Bank (wasp) and Quatecomatan (Cuastecomate) located in southern Coquimatlán Xoloapan River Basin (Juluapan) known after the name of Nahualapa and most recently as the Rio Grande or the Armory. Being mayor of Colima, married Dona Ana Martell (first English woman who lived in Colima). From this marriage was born Cristóbal de Solórzano, who inherited goods and parcels. Pedro

Cimancas: Lieutenant Panfilo de Narvaez, helped in the conquest of Colima and other provinces, is honest person, you have two people with ten Indians Mecastepala Coyutla (Cuyutlán) with salt and some rooms with a hundred Indians. When he died his property passed to his brother Christopher Moreno Trumpet. Christopher Moreno

Trumpet: Beneficial for the people of Coyutla 1554 (Cuyutlán) who inherits his late brother Peter Cimancas. (As you can see the surnames between siblings often do not coincide, as was the custom of the time to take the mother's maiden name or the name of their place of origin).

Juan de Iniestra: Conqueror of Colima in usufruct parcel Ameca peoples, and Tequepa Suquitlan (Wetlands) the latter in the South Sea coast (Pacific Ocean) in the direction of Coyutla (Cuyutlán). He was one of the first spoke originating from the Nahuatl language with primitive dialect of the region. He served as interpreter for his teammates. Alfonso

Martin Trejo: Conquistador and neighbor of Colima, born in Moguer, Spain. Son of Christopher and Elvira Martín García Sarmiento. Coatlan owned the village (Coates) instead of very good land and large indigenous population that existed between the current and Cualatilla Periquillos villages.

Haciendas.

At the borders of the municipality of Armory, including parcels, thank you, grants, judgments, Pastoria, primogeniture, auctions, auctions and estates, during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, consolidated and farms flourished Armory, and Santa Cuyutlán Andrés Periquillo or Paso del Rio. Previously, in 1734, the Conde de Regla Don Pedro Romero de Terreros acquired "Cuyutlán Finance and salt" to its owner, the Alferez Real Don Bartolomé de Brizuela, submitted to creditors auction "winner receiving possession of the goods delivered by the Viceroy urge the Mayor of Colima summoning the city attorney of that name. "

Later, during the reign of Carlos III (1759-1789) the forty-eighth Viceroy of New Spain, Don Martin de Mallorca in 1783 ordered the confiscated property will be auctioned to the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), among twenty other properties, Armory farms and San Andrés Periquillo or Paso del Rio. Thus, the Conde de Regla Land Pedro Romero became the owner thereof. For 1807, these three estates belonging to his niece the Marquise de Herrera, Dolores Romero de Terreros.

According to a detailed study of my friend Oscar Guedea and Castaneda, 29 October 1873 the Don Manuel Romero de Terreros Pedreguera and sold the "Hacienda de Armory" a company formed by Mr. José Parra Álvarez, Pascasio Lopez Ulrick Ernesto Francisco Santa Cruz and Ignacio Ramos. "The disappearance of the said company in 1878, are sole owners, Messrs. José Parra Alvarez and D. Pascasio Lopez " . The last owner of the estate of Doña Isaura Armory was Vidriales and concludes its season in the first third of the twentieth century land distribution.

Similarly, the Don Manuel Romero de Terreros Pedreguera and sold in 1875, "Finance Cuyutlán" a society composed of Messrs. Francisco Santa Cruz Escobar, Ernesto Ulrick, Jose Parra Alvarez, and Ignacio López Pascasio Romans, leaving finally as a sole proprietor Don Francisco Santa Cruz Escobar. At his death, his widow inherited the property Mrs. Clemencia Ceballos Santa Cruz. Later owners were John R. Salinas, Salvador G. Echevarria and the children of Catherine and Salvador latter Echevarría. For

referred to the "Hacienda de San Andrés Periquillo" Don Manuel de la Pedreguera and Romero de Terreros, later to a mortgage, sold in 1885 to General Jose Angel Gomez Martinez planted the first orchards of coconut trees. In 1903 he sold his property to the "Paso del Rio Industrial Society" consisting of three American represented by "Mr. Jorge M. Emrick, who appointed its first manager Mr. Schudi, then was in place, Mr. Otto, followed Mr. Fanton, who was killed by a coastal road in the orchards of Santa Rosa. "

for palm cultivation coconut contract, from 1908 to 1914, "came the Italians Esthepano Gherzi, Octavio Machette, Reinaldo Gualino, Juan topmast, Eugenio Bellido, Santiago Antongniotti, Albino Copy and others. Gherzi, intrigued and eliminated his countrymen staying as general manager after saying losses during the revolution, persuaded the court awarded in his favor the estate, which belonged to the heirs of Dr. Alberto J. Oschener. " Mr. Gherzi, married Mrs. Emilia Demart. First settlement

Armory.

Without knowing the exact date of its foundation, our people, with the rank of ranching appears in official documents until late eighteenth century with the name "Almería" and since the early nineteenth century and is called "Armory." (In this century maps still continue to appear that we realize the "river Almería") His first settlement was located on the southwestern margin of the river in what was the plot of Don Estanislao Delgado, ie in the triangle between the municipal trail, the railway bridge and new highway bridge from the current town of Ruiz Cortinez.

On this first settlement, in 1869 the U.S. Albert S. Evans writes, "... from Manzanillo to Colima, and ninety-mile journey ... In five boats light we moved to the other end of the lagoon and in two steps Cuyutlán concord spring we moved to the Armory River ... On the shore there is a population of reed huts with thatched roofs, inhabited, without exception, by families civilized and Christian Indians of the region ... After crossing the river we went to the house of the great landowner Don Santiago Lagos ... "(concludes the event.)

Later, in 1875 because of high water, the hull of the farm and ranch moved a mile farther south, where now stands the Armory ejido colony, against what was the railroad station. Vapor

Colima.

the absence of means of communication between the port of Manzanillo and Colima city, as the sidewalk bordering the lagoon Cuyutlán in the rainy season was impassable, at the initiative of Mr. Augusto Morrill American consul in 1871 charging two dollars for passage of people, a weight of freight by horse and fifty cents per package of 150 pounds, was put into service a small steamer called "Colima" which sailed from Manzanillo to Cuyutlancillo until 1882.

The "Vapor Colima" Navigating the lagoon Cuyutlán "... at a speed of 12 kilometers per hour. Its capacity was for 140 mule loads. Was 10.97 long and 4.26 meters wide. Your engine of 14 horsepower had been previously used to operate a small sawmill in Colima ... "

In order to expand the services of" Vapor Colima "to the Rio Grande or the Armory, Don Filomeno Bravo who was Governor of Colima, 1873 to 1877, ruled that using the natural cause "Estero Palo Verde" will contact navigation purposes Cuyutlán lagoon with the river Armory. "... As we said Don Jorge Pineda, director of the General Archives of the State of Colima and regular reader of the official newspaper that the channel works were suspended when, after a strong cyclone many of the advances were destroyed ... "

English Geiger John Lewis, who visited the State of Colima in 1873 with the aim of establishing trade relations passing through these lands, sailed on 14 December at the" Colima steam "and tells us:" ... At 10:00 am we Cuyutlancillo, as it is called the landing on the end of the lake, represented by a large wooden shed on the beach that is used as a warehouse for goods transported by steam, and half a dozen native huts distributed and scattered on the ground around ... In cuyutlancillo at the river of the Armory are about eighty miles ... " Armory

jurisdiction of Manzanillo.

In creating the municipality of Manzanillo by decree number 147 dated June 17, 1877, the then Cuyutlán estates, Armory and Periquillo (Paso del Rio) and the villages of Armory, Coates, Cualatilla, Cuyutlancillo Wetlands and became Periquillos part of the jurisdiction of that municipality.

In accordance with the constitution of 1882 the political division of the state of Colima was as follows: three districts governed by a perfect political appointee by the governor in office and seven popularly elected councils. The aforementioned political division was as follows: District center, comprising the municipalities of Colima, and Ixtlahuacán Coquimatlán; District Alvarez, comprising the municipalities of Villa de Álvarez Comala and District and Manzanillo and Tecoman Medellin.

Camp Railroad.

According to data entered in the Official Journal "The State of Colima, on June 14, 1881 the State Governor Don Francisco Santa Cruz and the American consul Mr. Augusto Morrill signed a contract whereby the" Company Constructora Mexicana "represented by the latter agreed to the construction of the" Manzanillo, Colima "whose work began in the port Manzanillo on July 1881 and the first five miles were completed in October next year. In the same year construction began on the railway bridge over the River Armory, which concluded six years later. Parallel to the construction of the narrow-gauge railroad and the bridge is made in cutting ties with the estate of Cualata (Venustiano Carranza today). These facts led

who for twenty years (1881-1911) there in what is now City Armory camp workers who worked in these works. Proof of this is the construction company's report published on May 6, 1882 in the Journal Official "The State of Colima" which tells the existence of the camp, where, on charges of engineers, doctors, blacksmiths, carpenters, foremen and laborers toiled 33 foreigners and about a thousand Mexicans, the latter coming mainly several states. (No names are specified).

land distribution.

With the erection of the ejidos Cuyutlán and Armory began in 1924, the land distribution in the agricultural area of \u200b\u200bthe current municipality of Armory. In this case, the official newspaper "The State of Colima" in its issue of October 4, 1924 are entered with a letter addressed by a group of Dr. Gerardo avecindados Howard Smith, Governor of the State, the land seeking to form a new population center ejido called "Armory" in the jurisdiction of the then municipality of Manzanillo. He is signed: Feliciano Nunez, Ramon Andrade, Donato Pelayo, J. Jesus Negrete, Margarito Lemus, Ramón Cisneros, Santiago Palomera, J. Jesus Delgado, Mauro Mata, Ricardo Sanchez, J. Trinidad Hernandez, Jacinto Aguilar, Tomas Salas, Eutimio Hernandez, Sixto Rodriguez, Marcial Velazquez, Luis novel, Antonio Lemus, Atanasio Saucedo, Jose Ruelas, Serapio Sanchez, Pedro Leyva, J. Jesus Ascencio and Balthazar Ramos. Because of the importance

of this paper, I offer a few lines to the lyrics say: "... The Armory village we live in has 300 people, including men and women. Our usual occupation is the question of agricultural work, only by the fact that the property owner does not provide equally means to exercise our activities, we have been forced to emigrate or to devote to other work that we do not produce what is necessary for the subsistence of our families. That nothing in this town not a single individual (except Dr. Aristeo Núñez) owner of the Armory and Cualata farms, which has its own name one piece of land ... " (Concludes cited)

Considering that land distribution is one of the elements that encourage population growth of this coastal plain, realize the integration of the following suburbs:

a) Ejido Cuyutlán. By

presidential resolution dated February 26, 1925 the estates were expropriated and Armory Cuyutlán 1.440 hectares benefiting 90 farmers originally. This decree was executed on 8 April of that year.

b) Ejido Armory.

While it is true that since 1924 came this new ejido population center, the presidential decision is dated April 2, 1925. Through of this decree expropriated the estate of 456 hectares to benefit Armory to 45 landowners. Subsequently, on September 20, 1939, approving the first extension that benefits 23 new landowners. Among its most prominent leaders are Rosendo Corona, Luis Gómez Michel (a) "the Esquiline, Arcadio Leal, his son Simon Leal, Medina Crescencio, Tiburcio Hernández, Salvador Tapia, Melesio Squib, Estanislao Delgado, Angel Magaña and Francisco Andrade Colmenares .

c) Ejido Independencia.

The new population center ejido "Wetlands" took possession of their lands in 1928. Presidential resolution is July 24, 1931. At the same time adopting the name change of "Independence." In its first endowment received 498 acres for 60 landowners. On November 15, 1939 authorizing a second allocation of 1,580 hectares and its third expansion (The vine and) runs until November 24, 1994.

Among the first inhabitants of the "eleven people" (Wetlands) remember Juan Torres Aguirre, Ramon Preciado, Apolonio Rodriguez Gutierrez, Jeronimo Avalos, J. Reyes Mendoza León, Ramón Enríquez Gómez, Ignacio Jiménez Bautista, Luis Montes de Oca García, Eugenio García Reina and of course their leader Don Leonardo Jaramillo Silva. Subsequently joined this group of successful agrarian Santiago Palomera, Matthew Rosales González, Michel Crescencio Vizcaíno, Panfilo Peredia Delgado, Catarino Avalos Bras Preciado and brothers and Basilio Pérez Calvillo.

d) Skunks Ejido.

This arises ejido August 16, 1939 to 1.095 hectares and its first extension of 465 hectares was decreed on January 15, 1969. In 1970 its population center is named "Los Reyes."

e) Periquillo Ejido.

On November 15, 1939 benefited 26 farmers in the expropriation of 1003 acres that were segregated to the estate of "Step River. "

f) Ejido El Pelillo.

His initial endowment is received by the June 11, 1952 (95 hectares). Their first expansion was authorized on January 12, 1960 with 522 hectares, which benefited 37 farmers.

g) Brotherhood of Juárez Ejido.

President Adolfo Lopez Mateos, ordered by decree dated December 7, 1960 the creation of the ejido group "Brotherhood of Juárez," expropriated for this 19.312 hectares to the estate of "Paso del Rio", which was liquidated on 10 December of that year, when he took possession of their land peasants 2.051 organized in 16 societies ejido credit. Fifteen years later won their aparcelamiento individualized for each of the landowners.

h) Ejido Anacleto Núñez.

After more than ten years of struggle in which they took by force the lands of exhacienda "The Bank", 196 recipients achieved the May 24, 1994 to be expropriated for the 1.450 acres that came owning since 1964 . This will cover the suburbs of "Anacleto Núñez" preserving what was then the center of population hamlet of "Corner of Smith."

i) Ejido El Campanario.

A group of 72 applicants of land for more than thirty years had been urging the formation of a new ejido population made them justice on 27 November 1976 in which case the ejido "The bell" with an allocation of 661 hectares. To date only 72 hectares have been received.

j) Ejido Luis Echeverria.

By presidential decree dated 13 November 1978 and a partial allocation of 131 hectares is credited to the new population center ejido "Luis Echeverría Álvarez" category ejido. The 30 peasants who received this land, continue to hope that they deliver the whole of the 234 acres that orders the presidential order. Tsunami in Cuyutlán

.

Between 3 and 18 June 1932 were recorded strong earthquakes in southern Jalisco and Colima. The city of Colima was the most punished by these earthquakes. On June 22, 1932 was a "tsunami Cuyutlán." In this event, Dr. Jose Salazar Cárdenas in his book "The tsunami Cuyutlán. 1932 tells us: "... At 7 am on June 22 of that year Cuyutlán residents felt an earthquake of moderate intensity, few seconds later heard a rumble in the direction of the sea and then a giant wave that reached to the path of railway is 800 meters straight to the sea ... On their way through the huge billow population did damage in most of the buildings were shingled houses, thatched grass and groves, destroying in its wake all that was and accumulating palisade and debris everywhere ... "

" ... At the time of the incident, was on the edge of the sea off the roundabout, a driver called Jesus Mora, nicknamed "the lint, which together two boys were washing a Costalera that was used in the transportation of salt. Both Jesus and one of the laborers who survived this tragedy, they reported being in the sea when she was a earth moving and hear the distant thunder, saw first with curiosity and then with amazement, as the sea retreated to beyond the blowdown, about 100 meters from the shore ... "

" ... Seeing this, got scared, ran to the square where they had left a ford truck pedal, mounted him and they headed to the town hurriedly. And coming in his headlong rush, the light went back and looked up as a giant wave that they estimated at about 20 meters high, was moved causing dread in people who witnessed the scene. Reached to move the dune, but the wave burst wrapping overtook them. Seeing that they were coming over the bulk liquid were thrown from the vehicle and the water took the picture on the other side and buried in the sand ... "

The author of this chronicle relates:" ... to the east of Cuyutlán , 4 miles away, in a place where the ranch was located "Palo Verde", the output of the sea was too large and the volume spilled was to be deposited in the lake ... it was just how hard you hit the sea Palo Verde area, that wiped out the remaining dune field after almost level with the sea and no vegetation. Months after that event, when the train passed in front of the place since the cars could be seen the sea, which has never been possible ... "(concludes the event.)

My maternal great-grandmother Julia Garcia Plazola told me that among the tsunami survivors who remained to live in Armory, were Cuca Almazán, José María Michel Corona (Don chemita) with his wife Maria Rincon (parents of Peter, and Eusebio Pachita Michel Rincón), Francisco Linares (Linares Ernestina's father Michel de Herrera), Don Guadalupe Rodríguez (a) "Comino" Virgen Maria de Jesus, Juanita Sanchez and his sons John, Heriberto and Francisco Lara Francisco Pérez and your spouse Francisca Cárdenas, Prisciliano Ernestina Carrillo Velázquez's husband, Isaac Ramirez Barajas (a) "dog", Don Estanislao Delgado (father of Professor J. Felix Delgado Velázquez), Miguel Camacho, Luis Gómez Michel (a) "The Esquiline "Irenaeus Córdova Rodríguez, Nicolás Rodríguez, who arrived with the first car in place and his brother J. Refugio Rodriguez in a van stakes, supported by his wife Maria Villaseñor sold fruits and vegetables. New

railroad camp.

Following the tsunami in consideration, the railroad camp was located in Cuyutlán, for constant change of sleepers and track maintenance, was transferred to the flag station "Armory." Among these workers, as I said in life Dona Vicente Valle, who were part of section 44 and who remained to live in Armory, among others, out-of-way Juan Cuevas, second place and pawns Mauro Pedro Valle Camacho, J . Guadalupe Figueroa, Antonio Arellano, Margarito Vázquez and J. Brothers Jesus and Luis Fierros. Since 1960 the camp was constantly changed by all railway stations from Cuyutlán to station "The Villa". Erection

Armory Village. Following

events mentioned above (distribution of land, railroad camps and tsunami of June 22, 1932), at that time, there was a rapid population growth. In "1921 was only 5 farms with 40 people by 1930 rose to 178 in 1936 totaled 1,500." This population growth prompted the governor Salvador Saucedo, so that, by decree number 44 dated April 29, 1935 and published on 4 May of that year, then-hamlet of Armory was elevated to the category of people as part of its jurisdiction the municipal commissioners of buddies, Cualata, Independence and Periquillo. In the same decree (Article 3), is granted to his legal fund 41-70-00 hectares of land.

Among the deputies of the XXIX Legislature approved raising the village category of the settlement are Porfirio Armory Gaytan Nuñez, Adolfo Preciado, J. Jesus Valencia, Crispin Rios Ramirez, Bartolo Lopez, J. Jesus Aguilar and Colonel Jesus Otero Pablos.

1935, the population center of the Armory, traditionally, it was the "Railway station." Was located opposite the "center of the farm" with his "barn", where one of its rooms used to house the first school. The most populated area, they were, the streets parallel to the road, street today "ejido" and "Avenida Mexico, where they established the first shops, a small hotel and two nursing homes.

Few people like Armory, where they combine with extraordinary harmony: the "fertile ground, with determined effort." What today is our motto, is indubitable testimony here combined, physiographic and human resources on the one hand, privileged land, adequate surface water and ecology on the other, the human element, even the man and woman field ready to win and change the geographical environment, transforming the strength of his arm, sweating on his forehead, and his strong effort, these lands in a real garden, which for many years was power, greatness and pride of agriculture Colima.

Indeed, in 1905, "Agricultural Industrial Society Paso del Río" (Periquillo) begins in Santa Rosa and San Andrés Periquillo coconut plantations. In 1925 Don Pascual Moreno Barreto, Felipe Ramirez Victoria and Miguel Gomez Medina in the coastal plain extending this crop.

With the arrival of Alejandro Anaya senator and former governor Don Francisco Parra Nayarit in 1938 is undertaken in properties Lagarda Lt. Col. Francisco J. Valenzuela and more Merced Torres Rocha growing cotton and tobacco boom. Yamaguchi family, cause the cultivation of tamarind, mango and guava. Anaya Senator encourages the cultivation of lemon agrarians.

Between 1932 and 1935, Don Francisco Moreno, owner of the "Hotel Colonial" at the port of Manzanillo and visionary businessman who since then inferred the "idea" of exporting agricultural products to the large U.S. market, farm leaders persuaded Rosendo Corona, Jose Ruelas, Luis Gómez Michel and Leonardo Jaramillo Silva to open their new lands for cultivation of bananas, for which, in addition to economically empower them, agreed to buy the entire production.

For Don Pancho Moreno, Armory met three potential that could become the first producer of "banana" in the state: one, moist and fertile land, and two, the workforce of the emerging agricultural groups and three, the major route of communication time, as it was, the railroad, but there was a problem, lack of irrigation canals. Given this untapped

horizon, Don Rosendo Corona, Mr. Luis Gómez Michel, Jose Ruelas and Don Leonardo Jaramillo Silva, leaders of the Ejido Armory and Independence, to achieve the coveted liquid to allow them to irrigate their plots, starting in 1932 procedures to be grant them permission to lead the River Armory. So, without further capital, his steadfast determination to overcome adversity and the nobility of its work force, all the farmers together with their families, built with pick and shovel "Armory channel" and its branching channel "Independence" .

With the moral, political and economic Don Pancho Moreno, brought Cihuatlán, Jalisco, the first head of banana variety known as "roatan". For tracking and monitoring of loans to ejidatarios yet, buy the product to market to the United States of America., Mr. Moreno, appointed as its representative in Armory Don Eusebio Rincon Michel, responsible for purchasing Mr. Ignacio Hoyos Velásquez and charged with the cutters and dock workers to Lino Pérez Corona.

was so successful banana, which from 1935 to 1944 was exported daily from five to ten rail wagons loaded with "roatan banana." At this stage, great economic benefit to all inhabitants of Armory, is known as the era of "green gold." Unfortunately, the cyclone of 1944, swept all the crops, and again with courage, determination and joint efforts our elders came forward. Among

the first shops, little shops were located Castulito Urrutia Chinto Villaseñor and sold almost everything, and the mobile carnage of Don Justo Rivera, I think walking because the table that had been dispatched and brought the daily, to house was located on the street populated, compared to my parents ..

front of the station, in a beautiful wooden house built established the "Grand Hotel Armory" property of "Dona Tacha. Among the "guest houses" were installed to "Doña Chuy Virgin" and my maternal grandmother "Inés García Araiza, who also was an "inn" attending railroad workers.

The street then Mexico, now Avenida Juan Oseguera Velásquez, moved the diner to Vicenta Valle and his mother Dona Mercedes. Later established businesses Dona Ines Álvarez, Domitila Alvarez, Rita Galindo and Mr. Daniel Silva.

As regards the urban landscape, Don Leonardo Jaramillo invited a currently residing in Manzanillo, Mr. Margarito Cardenas, who was in charge of the construction of the taps of the main streets and avenues central ridges. Completion of these works, they built the main garden, the gazebo and some benches of granite that had encumbered the names of its donors.

recommendation of Don Jesus Covarrubias Monroy, Don Leonardo Jaramillo Silva, Pedro Rizo (Station Chief) and Professor Pinto Ignacio Solis, owners of properties located in front of Manzanillo Avenue and then Progress, agreed to build -from the railway station to what would be the main garden-wide wooden porches with tile roofs. For this extraordinary work, which for years was part of face that people identified the Armory, was hired a carpenter sharp and visionary, as was Don Jorge Bejerano, who had already constructed the "Guest House" Dona Chuy Virgin. Among the builders builders of these houses, we remember with gratitude to Don Primitivo War and Don Miguel Flores. The latter, years later, he formed the guild of bricklayers, members of the CTM

To supply the services of "water," Don Esthefano Gherzi Eugenio, owner of Hacienda de "Paso del Río" gave his permission for the construction a dam on the "water hole" Creek "green pool" and the laying of the pipeline from there, until the new population center. Don Margarito Cardenas made the outline of the pipeline and all inhabitants, without exception, gave "homework" to excavate the dump and support in laying the pipeline. To place and assemble the pipe was fitted as a plumber to Don Pascual Escobedo, who, until his death was the town plumber. For the distribution of water, built "public hydrants" in the corners and two huge piles of water, a front garden and one in the colony "Independence." The first deep well to supply potable water service, was financed mostly with financial donations of María Gómez Pérez Ruelas widow.

In this symmetry, in the period from 29 April 1935 to December 31, 1967, as recorded in the archives of the municipal president of Manzanillo, served as presidents of the then H. Armory Municipal Board the following citizens:

1. Sebastian Saucedo Gervasio (1935),
2. Eduardo Michel Michel (1935) and (1939),
3. Wonder Apolonio Brambila ((1936-1937) and (1938),
4. Gerardo Pérez Ruelas (1937),
5. Ramon M. Ramírez (1937),
6. Luis Gómez Michel (1937) and (1938),
7. Jose Villanueva (1937),
8. Hilario Dueñas Lepe (1939),
9. Felipe Ramirez Victoria (1939),
10. J. Curiel Felix Torres (1939-1940),
11. Daniel M. Silva (1940),
12. Cortez Ricardo Anguiano (1941),
13. J. Jesus Parra Messina (1941-1943),
14. Múñoz Manuel Salazar (1940) and (1943-1946-1946),
15. Leonardo Silva Jaramillo (1946-1949)
16. Virgin Pedro Alcaraz (1949-1951),
17. Bras Pérez Calvillo (1951),
18. Martiniano Escobar Robles (1951),
19. Basilio Pérez Calvillo (1951-1952),
20. Barajas Manuel Toscano (1952),
21. David Toscano Barajas (1953),
22. Antonio Enciso Rojas (1953-1954),
23. Jose Ruelas Ramírez (1954-1955),
24. Benjamin Pineda Gutierrez (1956),
25. Joseph C. Gutierrez (1956-1958),
26. Valente Jiménez Delgado (1959),
27. Francisco Andrade Colmenares (1959),
28. Crispin Campos Enciso (1955) and (1960-1961),
29. J. Jesus Farias Vaca (1962-1964), and
30. Michel Eusebio Rincon (1965-1967).

City Armory.

strengths In this framework, Armory grows to the required population to become the tenth city in the state of Colima, as a just recognition of the efforts of its inhabitants, the State Governor Mr. Rodolfo Chavez Carrillo (1955-1961 ) and President of the H. Armory Municipal Board Don Crispin Campos Enciso, Professor Juan Oseguera Velasquez in his capacity as Deputy of the XXXVIII Legislature (1955-1958), after detailed study socioeconomic State proposed to Congress that the people of Armory was then raised to the status of municipality, an initiative that reached no consensus of political actors of the time.

Years later, during the administration of Governor Mr. Francisco Velasco Curiel (1961-1967) were Presidents of the H. Armory Municipal Board Don Jesus Farias Vaca (1962-1964) and Don Eusebio Rincon Michel (1965-1967) and both, in their respective periods, with the support of Fr. Juan Hernández León and land commissioners of the time, continued to insist to crystallize purpose longed to see our people become the tenth state of Colima City.

Thus, the Governor instructed Velasco Curiel Juan Oseguera professor and cartographer Elías Velásquez Méndez Pizano to draft a new study, the same that was presented to point quickly. In the original proposal is envisioned that the new municipality would be integrated with the peoples of Armory, Periquillo and Cuyutlán Spa Paradise and the towns of Juarez Guild, Cualatilla, skunks (now Kings), Santa Rita, Cualata (now Venustiano Carranza) and San Buenaventura.

were many meetings had to be checked for study the proposals and counter proposals to achieve the consensus of the mayors of Coquimatlán, Antonio Marquez Estrada and Luis García Castillo Manzanillo.

In this vein, the May 19, 1967 Deputies Solórzano Mr. Othon Bustos, Jorge Velasco González Márquez and Roberto Fuentes, presented to the full Congress and topographic economic studies to justify the creation of the Municipality of Armory. The President of Congress, instructed the Committee on Constitutional Issues to develop the draft decree. Similarly, the adoption of the decree No. 118 on the campus said the school official Adolfo López Mateos "to enact the creation of the Municipality of Armory.

With this background, the twelve thirty-hour May 26, 1967, was initiated in school, "Adolfo López Meteos" the solemn session of the Legislature XLI composed of deputies Roberto González Fuentes, Mr. Abel López Llerenas, Jorge Velasco Márquez, Ramón García Serrano, Mr. Othon Bustos Solorzano, Enrique Málaga Bayardo and Herminio López Rojas.

In the presence of Mr. Francisco Velasco Curiel and served as the deputy Roberto González Fuentes read out the decree No. 119 on the rose to the rank of municipality the agricultural area Armory. During the ceremony it is stated: "... The approval of the decree was signed by the large audience with a large and prolonged applause accompanied by a cacophony produced by more than one hundred vehicles, tractors and the bells of the church, all in jubilation, for this historic event that creates the tenth state of Colima City ... "(concludes the event.)

Pursuant to that decree, twelve hours on Monday the first of January 1968 in the then "cinema Victoria," then "film Armory" and now multipurpose room "Gustavo Alberto Vázquez Montes, installed the first city council. From that date, the following citizens were:

Mayors. Name Number Period

Political Party
1 Rosalío González Espinosa (1968-1970) (PRI) 2 J.
Felix Delgado Velázquez (1971-1973) (PRI)
3 Salvador Nolasco Mora (1974-1976) (PRI) 4 Victor Manuel Jaramillo
Carrillo (1977-1979) (PRI)
5 Rosa María Macías Spirit (1980-1982) ( PRI) Virgin
6 Salvador Orozco (1983-1985) (PRI)
7 Cesáreo Muñiz Sosa (1986-1988) (PRI)
8 Miguel Chavez Michel (1989-1991) (PRI)
9 Roque Brambila Alvarado (1992-1994) (PRI)
10 Carlos Cruz Mendoza (1995-1997) (PRI) 11 Rubén Vélez
Morelos (1998-2000) (PRI)
12 Rosa Elena Pérez Carrillo (2000) (PRI)
13 Izunza Burceaga Beatriz Guadalupe (2000-2003) (PAN) Marquez Ernesto Guerrero
14 (2003-2006) (PRD)
15 Maria Lourdes Márquez Jiménez (2006) (PRD)
16 Leyva Juan Manuel Covarrubias (2006-2009) (PRI) Repeat
Ernesto Marquez Guerrero (2009-2012) (PAN)

City Armory.

On August 31, 1988 at the initiative of Elías Zamora Verduzco Governor H. State Congress by decree number 167 rose to the rank of the county seat town of the same name. The solemn reading of the camp was held at the Municipal Auditorium, which now bears the name of Professor Ruben Alcantar Tino. In the articles of this Decree reads:

"... Article One. It rises to the level of the municipal city Armory hereinafter CITY ARMORY, by virtue of having met all requirements of the Organic Law of the Free Municipality.

Article Two. In solemn session of the Constitutional Hall Armory Honorable to be held on Friday September 16, 1988 and attended by members of H. citizens State Congress will formally corresponding declaration by reading that will make this decree the city president of the Congress of the State.

Article Three. Solemn Bando made the honorable City Armory, at the conclusion of the formal session of talks the previous article, will be released to the public the relevant decree. Traffic

unique. This decree will come into force on the day of the reading at the solemn session held for that purpose the Honorable City Council and shall Constitutional Armory published in the official newspaper "The State of Colima" ... "(concludes the event.)

XLVIII Members of the legislature had approved the decree number 167 by which the people of Armory was elevated to city status were Carlos de la Madrid Virgen, Alfonso Muñoz Gaytan, Ricardo Galindo Velasco, José Gilberto Garcia Nava, Graciela Larios Rivas, Michel Isidro Castillo, Vicente Montes Salazar, Jose de Jesus Fernandez Santana, Ruben Rosas García, Manuel Ibarra Llerenas, Natividad Jiménez Moreno (PAN), Leobardo Ricardo Prudencio (PST) and Jose Mancilla Pilgrim (PPS).

With this, our town became the fourth city in the state of Colima, where previously they had only this category the cities of Colima, Manzanillo and Tecomán. Subsequently added Villa de Alvarez.

Shield offices.

occasion of the commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary has been upgraded to the then village hamlet of Armory, H. Constitutional City Council chaired by Professor Salvador Orozco Virgin, after the contest, the April 29, 1985 approved the official emblem designed by Álvaro Gabriel Rivera Múñoz city, which contains in its heraldry as representative of our history, flora, fauna, beauty natural and socio-economic life in general.

As stated in the description of the shield itself is made in the agreement concerned, quartered in saltire design with silver bordure marked "ARMORY" in black scabbard. Its design is quartered:

The head quarter in the "green wave Cuyutlán" in color, which represents one of the beautiful sites that have given national and international fame to the most traditional resort of Colima, open seas of all time and pride armeritense society. In the barracks, pointed a "pile of salt surmounted with a fish" to describe the salt industry and fishing Cuyutlán, mainly engaged in the coastal zone.

In the quarters left and right on a red field (red background) that symbolize the desire to succeed and gain glory to fight and work with ardor, characteristics of men and women of the region which transform these once barren land into an orchard, are reflected in their color a coconut, banana and lemon crops representative of our fertile agriculture.

In its external ornaments shown in the top one ornament (lambrequins) in the form of acanthus leaves (a plant with long leaves, kale and thorny) that Peden on both sides, the center on the bordure highlights a crown formed by six pre-Columbian pottery human figurines symbolizing the "dance of fertility. " This well characterized pre-Columbian pottery scenes of everyday life of Aboriginal people is an example of the concern of pre-Hispanic men and women to turn the soil surface rough production, a tradition that remains to this day.

In the bottom as carriers who guard the shield are located two alligators were willing to, which, besides being heraldically loyalty and keeping part of the fauna that abounded in the lagoon, river and coastal estuaries of this . At the top of the bottom, a golden ribbon floating on the theme of the municipality, "FERTILE GROUND SIGN WITH THE EFFORT."

Epilogue.

When you work with love, the potentialities of human beings have no limits. Indeed, for our parents in the construction of this village, there was no challenge to the bully, or circumstances that beat. His example, should be transformed into motor and guide our daily actions.

New times demand of us all, new commitments. In a pluralistic society like ours, the obstacles and uncertainties to be overcome with strength, dialogue and compromise. Should be learned with steadfastness, tolerance and respect, and above all, with a high sense of responsibility and with much love, yes, with exuberant love for our homeland, attitudes, tone down, join wills and work together for the greatness of Armory. Bibliography




Amaya Topete, Jesus. Lecture: "The parcels in Colima" presented by the author in the first "Regional History Conference" held in the city of Colima 19 to August 25, 1957.

Official Journal "The State of Colima."

González, Oscar, quoted by Gómez Azpeitia, Luis Gabriel in his book "Order and interests of the territory during the Viceroyalty. Page 65.

Guedea and Castaneda, Oscar. "The accommodations in Colima."

Hernández Espinosa, Francisco. "The Colima yesterday." Edition of the University of Colima.

Messmacher, Miguel. "Archaeology of Colima Hispanic."

Ortoll, Servando. "For the land of coconuts and palm trees." Oseguera

Velázquez, Juan. "Speech on the occasion of the fortieth anniversary of the erection of Armory Village." Oseguera

Velázquez, Juan. "Directory of the State of Colima." 1964.

Urzúa Orozco, Roberto Fr. "Colima, and Tecomán Caxitlán."

Urzúa Orozco, Roberto Fr. "People Tecomán Valley."

http://www.aytoalmeria.es.