Remarks by Miguel Chavez Miguel
Brotherhood of Juárez, Col. December 10, 2010.
Honourable presidium members of special guests
Distinguished Members of the farming community Ladies and gentlemen
Friends All
Proud of our past, convinced of the generosity of our vocation agrarian and confidence in the future of this fertile agricultural area where we learned from our elders to fight for better welfare arenas, here and now, on the fiftieth anniversary of the creation of the Brotherhood of Juárez Ejido, with respect fulfilled , are my words, a badge of honor, for workers in the groove and plow, men and women who, with no farming implements their machetes and hoes, with effort and perseverance, we were given land and freedom.
Thereupon to express my gratitude for the use of voice, let me share a brief overview of our immediate past, which I dedicate to the tenacity and dedication of the new generations of young farmers Brotherhood of Juárez and the City Armory. My friends
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During the English conquest, here flourished and soon succumbed Tequepa pre-Hispanic communities, and Xicot Coatán that at the beginning of the colony, were part of the province of Tepetitango. In these cultures, only preserved the rich offerings of pottery taken from its soil, the archaeologists periods classified as "Armory" (850 - 1250) and complex "Periquillo" (1250 - 1521), relating to the first, with the culture " Toltec "and the second, with" Mexico. "
accomplished the English occupation, the banks of the river then Nahualapa, crops, possessions and dominions, on behalf of the king, were granted in encomienda to the conquerors Juan de Iniestra (Tequepa), Alfonso Martín Trejo (Coates) and Diego Garrido (Xicot). During the eighteenth century, land that later would form the large estate known as Paso del Rio or Periquillo belonged to Don Jose Borrego.
acquired in 1778 the Conde de Regla Don Pedro Romero de Terreros and inherited his death, the Marquesa de Herrera, Doña María Romero de Terreros. 7 houses thatched with the same number of families, a corral and barn Periquillo made up the ranch that served as nuclear center of the domain. The vast land, at that time, according to the will of Don José Borrego, were considered unhealthy and were due to the small population and low productivity.
Between 1831 and 1838, the manor was split in favor of the main tenants, who bought some extensions. Thus, Jose Francisco Campos Cosio acquired pastures of San Bartolo and Santa Rosa, Santa Inés Tomás Quiroz bought the property and Martín Alonso. The Plains of San Bartolo and became the property Texcaltitán Anastasia Ahumada. Subsequently, by the first sale recorded August 1862 Inclán Petronilo retrieves all properties sold in the past, encourages the production of coconut palms and extensive livestock production.
In 1865, Don Ignacio Lagos and Juan Fermín Huarte, bought the vast domains Periquillo or Paso del Rio. Both owners, new investments for the production of sugar, coffee, rice, coconut palm, as well as the exploitation of livestock. To this end, they built new homes, warehouses, a new barn and corral with a road linking the property with Armory. Farm workers, including laborers, laborers and cowboys increased to 70 people.
including plantations, farms, facilities and to the workers, as set forth in writing, in 1870, General Ángel Martínez acquires the property. With a new vision, they built roads leading to the various ranches, expanded the main house with a company store, administrative offices and a courtyard for operations. Started new investments in irrigation works, were incorporated into pastures and uncultivated lands were extended crop land devoted to coconut palm, sugar cane, snuff, corn, beans and rice.
Thus, the all-powerful General Angel Diaz Martinez, master, master of Paso del Rio, became successful Senator and actor par excellence of the agricultural development of the hacienda. His wealth was only comparable with that of Governor Francisco Santa Cruz Escobar, landowner Cuyutlán Finance.
In the early twentieth century, General Martínez, by Jorge M. Emrick, offered to sell the property to Dr. Albert J. Ochsner, a wealthy merchant and financial lives in the city of Chicago. To this end, it was the "Industrial Company of Paso del Rio, whose creation protocol was legalized in June 1902. Faced with the unexpected death of General Martinez, until April 18, 1908, concluded the reception of the Scriptures and full possession of 30.401 hectares of the domain incorporated in fractions, including the Camichines, Coates, Cualatilla, Foundry, Texcaltitlán, the Tecuan, the palm, Mangal, the Cañita, San Bartolo, Martín Alonso, the scale, the Casco, Santa Rosa and Santa Inés Periquillo.
For administration and operation, since 1902, were recruited by Dr. Ochsner, Gherzi Stephano Italian immigrants, Antonioti Santiago, Reynaldo Gualino, Octavio Machette, Albino coppy and Eugenio Bellido. In this vein, coppy, was named Butler; Gualino, head of cattle, Machette, sometimes served as general foreman and Gherzi since then figured as administrator of the estate. For its part, Anastasio Ochoa, Andrés González, Eugenio Spirit and Romualdo Aguilar, exercised the role of intermediaries between the Italians and workers.
With new plantings and innovative forms of agribusiness organization, plus the support he received from the U.S. embassy as well as good relations with federal, state and municipal levels, with a scheme of social partnership, with the letterhead of a company commercial in a few years, Don Stephano Gherzi, transformed the estate into one of the most prosperous and productive in the west of the republic.
1909, had palms 7.000 coconut production and 4 000 Zebu cattle of excellent quality, making the property through the port of Manzanillo, in the first, in the state, such as coco oil exports, better known by the name "kayak." In 1912, having reached the goal of planting, only in that year, ten thousand new coconut palms, a stimulus to its high productivity and substantial benefits to the economy of Colima, Governor J. Trinidad Alamillo, granted Mr. Gherzi an award for the amount of ten thousand dollars.
During the Revolution, Colima, it was the scene of major clashes between the revolutionary groups, most however, triumphs and defeats, of one or other group registered in other states, here, only in politics, had an impact that shook the population, particularly for sudden changes of several state governors, to be exact, were 19, only from 1910 to 1920.
Instead, farmers, ranchers and farmers, backed by their economic power, quickly adapted to new scenarios characterized by intimidation, the cam, and sporadic acts of banditry fueled by Villa's bandits who called themselves or Huerta. Therefore, in exchange for financial support, farmers received protection of fragile-affiliated governors Diaz, Madero, Huerta and constitutionalists.
instability of the time, in no way affected the productivity of the Hacienda Paso del Rio. Example, in 1916, in the throes of constitutionalism, workers amounted to 450 people. Periquillo, its main population center was located near the residence of Mr. Gherzi. In addition, there were a grocery store best known as the "company store" nixtamal mill, dairy, a small slaughter of cattle and pigs, there was a rural school and every head of household had a housing palms and reeds. The stewards and foremen, inside the big house, had their homes with surface water and tile roofs.
Among the most trusted workers stressed Hipolito Mendez, Rosendo Castillo, Basilio Palafox, Antonio Tene, Francisco Medina, Juan Merino, Eugenio Rojas, Cleophas Garcia, Ruperto Sanchez, Alfonso Mendez, Miguel Bustos and Macedonian Mejía.
To evade land distribution, between 1922 and 1923, with economic resources Paso del Rio, built a stone bridge over the River Armory, that united the Tecomán way to Manzanillo. In 1927 he built a beautiful building for primary school Periquillo that they named him Dr. Albert J. Ochsner and in 1934 donated 400 acres to the legal estate Tecomán and gave 500 acres of the property for the establishment of an Agricultural Elementary School for children of farmers.
This campus, where he graduated two generations of rural teachers, while the school building was built next to the "Station Tecomán" tentatively began operations on November 16, 1935 in a warehouse that was located the "flag station" known "La Scale". Incidentally, this internship is the history of what was the School of Agriculture at the University of Colima and the current Atequiza Normal School, Jalisco. After the motion
Christer, and the proliferation of groups seeking land in the estate of Paso del Rio, simulated reflected a climate of peace, but there were differences and hostilities that could not hide, because, every day, it intensified complaints of their workers , laborers, wage and salary earners, who, with no apparent conflicts with Mr. Gherzi, were unhappy with the authoritarian and ill-treatment they received from the overseers. Their discontent was focused on the harmful wages, excessive working hours, their low wages and rising indebtedness to the company store.
Between 1930 and 1940, at the height of agrarianism, by presidential order he were segregated to Hacienda Paso del Rio Terrero acres of suburbs to form the Independence and Periquillo. Gherzi complaints were immediate, but could not stop the final allocations.
In this new context, Stephano Gherzi, convinced the heirs of Dr. Dr. Albert J. Ochsner, to formalize a "plot of land Occidental Paso del Rio and Periquillo" Thus, by alleged sales to individuals, showed that the property was dismembered, but all were prestanombres. With this device, as well as consolidated as the "sole lord and master" of property, managed to convince the authorities to the the early 1940, granted Mexican citizenship and to issue certificates of inalienability agricultural. According
notarial, the alleged owners of the lands of the hacienda were Benito Rodriguez, Manuel Aguayo, Luis Javier Cruz, Jesús López Galindo, Donaciano Cruz, Alberto Orendain, Leobardo Lopez Castillo, Amparo Cruz, Joseph Mendez Ochoa, Celia Lopez de Castillo, Beatriz Cruz, the same Stephano Gherzi, Emiliano Orozco, Carlos Orozco, Mercedes Espinosa, Martha Emilia Gherzi, Ramiro Ramírez Tan, Angel Medina, Carlos García Méndez, Andrea Cruz, Amalia Rincon, Bartolo Alcaraz and Leoncio Medina Ortega.
In contrast to the new fallacies landowners, land seekers groups hardened their strategies, they confirmed the polarization of interests in land. In fact, since 1940, began a phased stage illegal invasion on the grounds, inter alia, of Periquillo, the Cañita, kitchenette and Texcaltitán. All of them were attacked and evicted. Even the White Guards in the service of landlord they destroyed their crops and burning the huts of the invaders. People who worked on the farm were fired from your job source.
parallel, following the legal channels, in the 1950's, joined the following land groups of applicants:
1. "Adolfo Ruiz Cortínez" represented by Salvador Bravo Chavez, Agapito Cortés Macías, Conrado Cortes Macías, Manuel R. Messina and Primitive Muraña Valencia.
2. "Dr. Miguel Galindo," Manuel Messina Muraña led by José María Alcaraz and Francisco Flores Alcalá.
3. "Brotherhood of Juarez", led by Gregorio Sánchez Figueroa, Jesus Silva Ortega and José García Díaz.
4. "Venustiano Carranza", directed by Guadalupe Ramírez Morán, Guadalupe Padilla Gutierrez and Ramon Lomeli Chavez.
5. "Major General Emiliano Zapata ", led by Pedro Rivera Camarena, Miguel Hernandez and Pedro Parra Leal Pilgrim.
6." Professor Gregorio Torres Quintero ", coordinated by Eliseo Barajas Rivera, Isabel and Basil Venegas Gonzalez Murillo, and
7." General Lázaro Cárdenas del Río ", represented by Onofre Ramos Ceballos, Erasmo Mercado and Doroteo Hernández García González;
Given the constant mobilization of the peasants were gradually permeating the consciousness of society Colima and the local political elite, during the administration of Architect Engineer Rodolfo Chavez Carrillo, was raised in the local and national media, the published various manifestos of support for the cause agrarian.
Thus, during the presidential campaign of Mr. Adolfo Lopez Mateos, 10 March 1958, at a rally verified at the port of Manzanillo, the then Federal Deputy Roberto Pizano Saucedo, from the podium, raised his voice against the existence of large estates, Paso del Rio and demanded a thorough investigation. In this spirited indictment, joined with all their might, also a federal deputy and at that time Colonel candidate Senator Salazar Antonio Salazar.
With this background, on 27 March of that year began the relevant records, which was published in the Official Gazette of Gazette on 6 June and in the Official Gazette of the State Government, dated August 16, 1958.
Once the investigation that revealed that Paso del Rio had 18, 502 hectares, at President Adolfo Lopez Mateos, December 6, 1960 was published the decree that established the cancellation of concessions that inalienability enjoyed the "Occidental plot of land in Paso del Rio, nullifying the effect, the existence of the apocryphal corporation and the titles of the alleged owners.
The next day, December 7, 1960, was published in the Official Journal of the Federation, the presidential order that took shape by creating a "Confraternity of Juárez Ejido and its annexes." On 10 December of the same, demanding the immediate delivery, a large group of beneficiaries with the presidential order takes possession of the premises known as the "El Molino".
In May 1961 began the delivery of land, this process concluded on March 4, 1962, when it was established the "Company Credit Local Collective Ejido, Ejido Agriculture and Livestock of the Brotherhood of Juarez Annexes, with the following officials: President, Práxedis Durán Hernández, Registrar, Octavio Robles Sierra, Treasurer, Gregorio Lopez Valdovinos and Chairman of the Supervisory Board José Rodríguez Rosas.
On presidential instructions, the Manager of Rural Bank C. Salvador Díaz Muñoz, commissioned Mr. Carlos Recordon Ojeda to develop the proposed development of the new population center Brotherhood of Juárez. In the same year, President Adolfo Lopez Mateos showed up in this place to personally deliver the titles of the lots and symbolically the allocation units.
With this, it began a period of legal discord between ejidatarios and authorities. The disagreements were generated by the differences between skilled 2.051 watched the presidential order and provisioning 1.724 units initially recognized. This conflict came to the Supreme Court's Office and led to new surveys, new debugging and the creation of the ejido credit societies numbers fifteen and sixteen.
Since its foundation, coordinated the efforts of the agricultural community, in chronological order, have been ejido: Práxedis Durán Hernández, José Rodríguez Rosas, J. Refugio Mendoza Farias, Jose Negrete Sanchez, Fidel Rodriguez Trejo, Antonio Barajas Martinez J. Jesus Arreola George, Luis López Rodríguez, Celedonio Alvarez Torres, J. Jesus Maldonado Rebolledo, Alfredo Magaña, Antonio Sánchez West, Munguia Felipe Rivera, Rafael Ruelas and current García, Pedro López Fuentes. For all our public recognition and abiding gratitude.
Cualatilla Among the fellow who also championed the cause, I remember with affection to my dear friends Sabalza and José Ramiro Carrillo. Friends
all.
Brotherhood of Juarez has a history. The land distribution was not easy. His memories, perhaps the distance, now, for some, pretentious attitudes can articulate, petulant or arrogant, but in the collective consciousness of our ancestors, still present the years of deprivation, misunderstanding and repression. No regrets, Let us not forget!, The struggle for land and better stadiums welfare was not easy, then so, in homage to our ancestors, to new generations corresponds with greater tenacity, make the land produce and add value to farm products.
Today, there are other times and other problems, but also other circumstances and other solutions. With new forms of organization, innovative technologies and efficient marketing strategies, I am convinced that Brotherhood of Juarez will succeed.
Forward, my friends. Brotherhood of Juarez is yours and your sons. Congratulations and congratulations.
for your attention. Thank you very much.
chavezmichel@hotmail.com
